| Title | Effect of red mud added to zeolite LTA synthesis: Where is Fe in the newly-formed material? |
|---|---|
| ID_Doc | 45 |
| Authors | Belviso, C; Cannas, C; Pinna, N; Cavalcante, F; Lettino, A; Lotti, P; Gatta, GD |
| Published | Microporous And Mesoporous Materials, 298, |
| Structure | Here are the sections with two sentences each: The article discusses the effect of adding red mud to zeolite LTA synthesis. The study aimed to investigate the incorporation of Fe from red mud into the newly formed zeolite structure and its distribution on the zeolite crystal surface. The article introduces the concept of using red mud, a waste material from bauxite caustic leaching, as a source of Fe for zeolite LTA synthesis. The study aims to explore the incorporation of Fe into the zeolite structure and its distribution on the crystal surface. The article describes the experimental procedure used to synthesize zeolite LTA with and without the addition of red mud. The study used a combination of conventional and pre-fused hydrothermal processes to synthesize the zeolites. The study used various analytical techniques, including XRPD, SEM-EDX, and TEM-EDX elemental mapping, to investigate the incorporation of Fe into the zeolite structure. The results showed that Fe was concentrated in nano-clusters on the zeolite crystal surface, rather than being structurally incorporated into the zeolite. The study concludes that the use of red mud as a source of Fe for zeolite LTA synthesis is a promising approach for the mobilization of Fe waste. The study provides valuable insights into the incorporation of Fe into zeolite crystals and its distribution on the crystal surface. The authors acknowledge the support of the RAS Regione Autonoma della Sardegna CESA - Piano Sulcis and the allocation of beamtime at the ELETTRA-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A. facility. The article provides a comprehensive list of references cited in the study, including articles, books, and conference proceedings. The references cover a range of topics related to zeolite synthesis, red mud, and environmental science. The article includes additional supporting materials, such as figures and tables, that provide further information on the experimental procedure and results. These materials include SEM images of pure LTA, LTA synthesized with red mud, and TEM images of LTA crystals with nano-clusters. The article highlights the key findings of the study, including the incorporation of Fe into zeolite crystals and its distribution on the crystal surface. The study provides valuable insights into the use of red mud as a source of Fe for zeolite synthesis. The article provides captions for the figures and tables, including descriptions of the experimental procedure, results, and conclusions. The captions provide additional context and information for the reader. |
| Summary | The study investigated the effect of adding red mud to zeolite LTA synthesis using pure sources. Red mud is a waste material formed during the bauxite caustic leaching process to produce alumina. The aim of the study was to mobilize Fe coming from red mud within the newly formed zeolite structure. The results showed that Fe was concentrated in nano-clusters on the zeolite crystal surface. The synthesis products were analyzed using XRPD, SEM-EDX, synchrotron radiation XRD, and TEM-EDX elemental mapping. The XRPD patterns showed a decrease in peaks intensity with an increase in red mud content. The EDX maps indicated that Si and Al were well distributed in the crystals of the LTA zeolite, while Fe and Zn formed irregular aggregates of nano-sized particles. The TEM images showed idiomorphic crystals of zeolite with nano-aggregates on their surfaces. The study contributes to understanding the role of surface phenomena on zeolite crystals when transition elements are used in the synthesis procedure. The results also suggest that the utilization of red mud as a non-conventional Fe source can be considered as the first step toward a new solidification/stabilization process for this waste. |
| Scientific Methods | The research methods used in the article are: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. These methods were used in combination to investigate the effect of adding red mud to the synthesis of LTA zeolite and to determine the location of the Fe ions in the newly formed material. |
| Article contribution | This article presents a study on the synthesis of LTA zeolite using pure sources combined with red mud, a waste material formed during the bauxite caustic leaching process. The aim of the study was to mobilize iron (Fe) coming from the red mud within the newly formed zeolite structure. The study employed various techniques, including X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM)-energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction (SR-XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM)-EDX elemental mapping. The results of the study show that LTA zeolite can be efficiently formed using pure sources combined with variable amounts of red mud. The use of red mud promotes the crystallization of the zeolite, and the amount of LTA formed increases with the amount of red mud added. However, the Fe content in the synthesized zeolite is not structurally incorporated into the framework or extra-framework component. Instead, Fe is concentrated in nano-clusters on the surface of the zeolite crystals. The study contributes to the understanding of the role played by surface phenomena on zeolite crystals when transition elements are used in the synthesis procedure. The findings also suggest that the utilization of red mud as a non-conventional source of Fe can be considered as a first step toward a new solidification/stabilization process for this waste, as dictated by the regenerative economy route. The study has several implications for the field of regenerative economics and materials science. Firstly, it highlights the potential of red mud as a waste material that can be converted into a valuable resource. Secondly, it demonstrates the importance of surface phenomena in the synthesis of zeolites, which can be exploited to control the incorporation of transition elements into the material structure. Finally, it suggests that the regenerative economy route can be applied to the processing of waste materials, which can help to mitigate environmental problems caused by the disposal of these materials. Overall, the study presents a valuable contribution to the understanding of the synthesis and properties of LTA zeolite and the potential of red mud as a waste material that can be converted into a valuable resource. It also highlights the importance of regenerative economics and materials science in addressing environmental problems caused by waste disposal. Contributions to Regenerative Economics: 1. The study demonstrates the potential of red mud as a non-conventional source of Fe, which can be converted into a valuable resource. 2. It highlights the importance of surface phenomena in the synthesis of zeolites, which can be exploited to control the incorporation of transition elements into the material structure. 3. The study suggests that the regenerative economy route can be applied to the processing of waste materials, which can help to mitigate environmental problems caused by the disposal of these materials. 4. It contributes to the understanding of the role played by transition elements in the synthesis of zeolites, which can help to develop new materials with improved properties. Contributions to Materials Science: 1. The study presents a new approach to the synthesis of LTA zeolite using pure sources combined with red mud. 2. It demonstrates the importance of surface phenomena in the synthesis of zeolites, which can be exploited to control the incorporation of transition elements into the material structure. 3. The study highlights the potential of red mud as a waste material that can be converted into a valuable resource. 4. It contributes to the understanding of the role played by transition elements in the synthesis of zeolites, which can help to develop new materials with improved properties. |
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