| Abstract |
Due to large earthquakes, reinforced concrete structures were damaged or eventually demolished. Various building codes (ACI 318-11, 2011; EN-8, 2004) for the design of buildings incorporated a seismic design approach to allow for ductility of building structures during an earthquake. This design approach has been effective in terms of protecting people's lives. Nevertheless, it may not be sufficient for post-earthquake services in seismic-prone regions. Intending to provide a low embodied carbon structural solution, a new approach called circular economy (CE) has the potential to significantly improve the construction sector's sustainability, studies on seismic-resistant structures using recycled construction materials revealed that the seismic performance of recycled concrete structures is acceptable. A comprehensive review of peer-reviewed journal articles published from 2012 to 2021 on the earthquake-resistant reinforced concrete structure and circular economy has been considered. Several articles show that reinforced concrete buildings in seismic-prone areas designed based on the current seismic design provisions have shown unacceptable performance. In parts of the region with proactive retrofit policies, like those of Japan, Italy, and New Zealand, the percentage of collapses and severely damaged buildings is lower than anticipated. This suggests that improved seismic design including retrofitting can significantly improve building performance during an earthquake. In this paper, various studies have been reviewed and summarized on the earthquake resistance of reinforced concrete structures, retrofitting techniques, earthquake estimation of seismic action on structures, and circular economy. |
