| Title | Optimizing the performance of sweeping gas membrane distillation for treating naturally heated saline groundwater |
|---|---|
| ID_Doc | 12758 |
| Authors | Lee, T; Min, C; Naidu, G; Huang, YH; Shon, HK; Kim, SH |
| Title | Optimizing the performance of sweeping gas membrane distillation for treating naturally heated saline groundwater |
| Year | 2022 |
| Published | |
| Abstract | The performance of a sweeping gas membrane distillation (SGMD) was evaluated for treating naturally heated saline groundwater. The naturally heated groundwater condition is projected to be a favourable match for SGMD as it eliminates the need for thermal requirement. Further, compared to the current scenario of using reverse osmosis (RO), SGMD will enable to eliminate the cooling tower requirement to cool down the groundwater prior to RO. Detail examination on SGMD operating settings revealed the importance of feed temperature and air flow settings in enhancing the SGMD permeate flux. Meanwhile, the feed flow rate and air temperature only minimally influenced the SGMD performance. SGMD cooling conditions played a key role towards enhancing the specific energy consumption and economic viability of its performance. The air cooling (fan and fin combination) was identified to be superior over the water cooling and thermo-electric element addition air cooling combinations. At optimum operating settings, SGMD was able to treat hot saline groundwater with an average permeate flux of 3.0 kg/m2h and attain high quality fresh water with over 98% salt rejection. Under optimum operating setting and due to the opportunity to eliminate thermal heating source, SGMD is able to attain matching economic rates (both capital and operational expenditure) to that of RO for treating natural heated groundwater. In terms of treatment performance, SGMD is established to be more advantageous to RO due to its ability to attain high quality fresh water (high salt and fluoride ion rejection rate). |
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