| Title | Solar processes to treat and reuse agro-industrial wastewater: close the water-food-energy nexus in fresh-cut industries |
|---|---|
| ID_Doc | 13732 |
| Authors | Nahim-Granados, S; Plaza-Bolaños, P; Oller, I; Malato, S; Agüera, A; Sanchez-Pérez, JA; Polo-López, MI |
| Title | Solar processes to treat and reuse agro-industrial wastewater: close the water-food-energy nexus in fresh-cut industries |
| Year | 2022 |
| Published | |
| Abstract | The implementation of environmentally sustainable strategies able to interconnect the water-food-energy nexus in the agro-food industries by a circular economy action plan stands up as a solution to partially mitigate water scarcity as well as the future food demand increase. In this regard and joint with the forbiddance of the conventional chlorination practice in the fresh-cut industry, the search for treatment alternatives that ovoid the generation of harmful by-products has recently grown. Accordingly, the assessment of two solar water treatments (solar/H2O2 and solar/Fe3+-EDDHA/H2O2) to treat (5 microcontaminants and two food-borne pathogens) and reuse synthetic fresh-cut wastewater (SFCWW) at pilot-plant scale has been performed in this study. Both solar processes showed similar disinfection efficiencies at the best operational conditions (20 and 2.5 mg/L of H2O2 and Fe3+-EDDHA, respectively), achieving >5.5-LRV in 60 min, whereas the efficiency on CECs removal was significantly higher (40% vs 15 %) for the solar/Fe3+-EDDHA/H2O2 process. The analysis of the harvested crops (lettuces and radishes) irrigated by the solar treated water with respect to non-treated water, showed a reduction > 50% and 3-LRV (< detection limit) for CECs uptake and microbiological load, respectively. Moreover, a global analysis of the proposed circular scheme showed a substantial decrease of the chlorosis (twice chlorophyll levels), microbiological (5 orders of magnitude) and chemical risks (1 order of magnitude) associated as well the viability of this alternative from the techno-economic (treatment cost of ca. 1 (sic)/m(3)) and environmental (no eco-toxicity) point of view. |
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