| Title | Characterization of bacterial cellulose produced by Komagataeibacter xylinus strains grown in styrene/glucose mixtures |
|---|---|
| ID_Doc | 15339 |
| Authors | Esmail, A; Torres, CAV; Ortiz-Albo, P; Marques, AC; Gonçalves, A; Neves, LA; Pinto, JV; Reis, MAM; Freitas, F |
| Title | Characterization of bacterial cellulose produced by Komagataeibacter xylinus strains grown in styrene/glucose mixtures |
| Year | 2023 |
| Published | Cellulose, 30, 17 |
| Abstract | This study is focused on the characterization of bacterial cellulose (BC) produced by Komagataeibacter xylinus strains DSM 2325, DSM 2004, and DSM 46604 from styrene/glucose mixtures. Styrene, the aromatic monomer of petrochemical plastics such as polystyrene, served as a co-substrate for bacterial cultivation, being assimilated by all strains, although with differing efficiency for BC biosynthesis. The best performing strain was K. xylinus DSM 2325 with a BC production of 2.70 +/- 0.4 g/L. Interestingly, K. xylinus DSM 2004 produced BC from styrene as the sole carbon source, yielding 0.32 +/- 0.02 g/L BC. The presence of styrene in the cultivation media had a minor influence on the produced BC chemical structure, thermal degradation temperature (318-337 C-degrees), and morphology, where compact fibers of diameters ranging from 31 to 47 nm were observed. The crystallinity index of the samples was obtained through X-ray diffraction and showed that values varied according to the medium used (41-33%). However, the membranes synthesized in the presence of styrene were thinner (3-22 mu m) than those produced from glucose (12-44 mu m) and had low gas permeability. K. xylinus DSM 2325 and DSM 2004 membranes had also low permeability for O2 (1.1-2.5 barrer) and CO2 (2.5-5.8 barrer), while those produced by K. xylinus DSM 46604 had a higher permeability to CO2 (42.3 barrer) together with low permeability to O-2 (2.5 barrer). Moreover, BC produced by K. xylinus DSM 2325 with styrene as an additive showed the highest crystallinity among all strains and mediums (46%). These results show the feasibility of using styrene as an effective co-substrate in a sustainable approach for its valorisation into a value-added biopolymer, with the advantage of tuning BC properties according to the envisaged application, by selecting the appropriate producing strain and culture medium. |
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