| Title | Exploring recycling potential of rare, scarce, and scattered metals: Present status and future directions |
|---|---|
| ID_Doc | 19928 |
| Authors | Li, FQ; Wang, P; Chen, W; Chen, WQ; Wen, BJ; Dai, T |
| Title | Exploring recycling potential of rare, scarce, and scattered metals: Present status and future directions |
| Year | 2022 |
| Published | |
| Abstract | Global transition towards low-carbon future is threatened by supply risks surrounding critical raw materials, particularly the rare earth, scarce, and scattered metals (RSSM) with poor mineral endowments. Thus, the metal recycling from various end-of-life products are widely advocated and advanced as a key strategy, but the present understanding of their recycling potentials, limitations and challenges is quite scattered and limited. Here, this paper conducts a literature review, based on the PRISMA analysis of approximately 160 types of relevant studies from 2010 to 2021, to provide sophisticated knowledge related to the recycling status, progress, and future directions of 34 types of RSSM. Results indicate only a part of those metals can be recycled due to the obstacles in metal design as well as societal and economic factors in its usage and recycling, and the corresponding obstacles for each metal are further identified by key factors including complexity of the product design, more complex end-use of metal, and lack of suitable infrastructure for collection. Thus, the jointed efforts from all stakeholders along metal cycle from material design, use, throughout to final recycling are highly suggested and urged to secure metal base for future circular and low-carbon economy. (c) 2022 Institution of Chemical Engineers. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. |
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