| Title | A critical review on emerging industrial applications of chars from thermal treatment of biosolids |
|---|---|
| ID_Doc | 21044 |
| Authors | Marzbali, MH; Hakeem, IG; Ngo, T; Balu, R; Jena, MK; Vuppaladadiyam, A; Sharma, A; Choudhury, NR; Batstone, DJ; Shah, KL |
| Title | A critical review on emerging industrial applications of chars from thermal treatment of biosolids |
| Year | 2024 |
| Published | |
| Abstract | Thermochemical treatment is rapidly emerging as an alternative method for the management of stabilised sewage sludges (biosolids) to effectively reduce waste volume, degrade contaminants, and generate valuable products, particularly biochar and hydrochar. Biosolids-derived char has a relatively high concentration of heavy metals compared with agricultural chars but is still applied to land due to its beneficial properties and ability to retain metals. However, non-agricultural applications can provide additional economic and environmental benefits, promote sustainability and support a circular economy. This review identifies extensive nonagricultural opportunity for biosolids biochar, including adsorption, catalysis, energy storage systems, biological process enhancement, and as additives for rubber compounding and construction. Biosolids chars have received limited attention vs agricultural char, and we draw on both areas of literature, as well as evaluating differences between agricultural and biosolids chars. A key opportunity for biosolids biochar in comparison with other materials and agricultural chars is its sustainable and low-cost nature, relatively high metals content, improving catalyst properties, and ability to modify in various stages to tune it to specific applications. The specific opportunities for hydrochar have only received limited attention. Research needs to include better understanding of the benefits and limitations for specific applications, as well as adjacent drivers, including society, regulation, and market and economics. |
| https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.122341 |
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