| Title | Nutrient pollution and its remediation using constructed wetlands: Insights into removal and recovery mechanisms, modifications and sustainable aspects |
|---|---|
| ID_Doc | 21047 |
| Authors | Kamilya, T; Majumder, A; Yadav, MK; Ayoob, S; Tripathy, S; Gupta, AK |
| Title | Nutrient pollution and its remediation using constructed wetlands: Insights into removal and recovery mechanisms, modifications and sustainable aspects |
| Year | 2022 |
| Published | Journal Of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 10, 3 |
| Abstract | Nutrient removal and recovery from nutrient-rich wastewater have recently gained significant attention because of their potential to contribute to sustainable development. Numerous treatment technologies have been implemented to tackle nutrient-rich wastewater, but high cost, low adaptability to varying organic loading, and undesirable effluent quality are a few factors that have significantly limited their applications. On the other hand, constructed wetlands (CWs) are robust, cost-effective processes with a high degree of nutrient removal and recovery. In this review, the role of various biotic and abiotic components that affect the performance of CWs has been discussed. It was found that vertical flow CWs were more efficient in removing total phosphorus (64.6 +/- 30%), while horizontal flow CWs were efficient in removing the total nitrogen (67.6 +/- 20%). Furthermore, the introduction of artificial aeration, external carbon sources, variation of plant species and substrate, and bioaugmentation significantly improved the performance of the CWs. Hybrid CWs have also been used to achieve enhanced total nitrogen removal and recovery (89%). However, phosphorus removal was not significantly affected by the hybridization of the CW-based systems. Hence, several recommendations have been suggested to enhance nutrient removal and recovery, such as incorporating hydrochar and oyster shells as substrate modifications, providing suitable pre-treatment, and others. This review circumscribes the different aspects of nitrogen and phosphorous recovery and removal from nutrient-rich wastewater treatment using CWs and may be instrumental in achieving a circular economy. |
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