| Title | Bentonite clay-modified coconut biochar for effective removal of fluoride: kinetic, isotherm studies |
|---|---|
| ID_Doc | 21431 |
| Authors | Sudan, S; Kaushal, J; Khajuria, A; Goyal, H; Mantri, A |
| Title | Bentonite clay-modified coconut biochar for effective removal of fluoride: kinetic, isotherm studies |
| Year | 2024 |
| Published | Adsorption-Journal Of The International Adsorption Society, 30.0, 3-4 |
| Abstract | Fluoride ions have been detected in the surface or groundwater in excess amounts due to industrial effluent and various geochemical reactions. The removal of fluoride is indispensable to make water fit for drinking purposes. Various techniques such as membrane filtration, reverse osmosis, precipitation, ion exchange, electrodialysis, and adsorption have been used for the removal of fluoride in past decades but adsorption has shown great potential due to the low cost and availability of raw materials for the synthesis of adsorbents. In this present study, a mixture of coconut fiber ash and bentonite clay was doped with potash alum (PCBB) for the synthesis of biochar. PCBB biochar was pyrolyzed at 300 degrees C and showed a high surface area and adsorption capacity towards fluoride ions. The as-synthesized PCBB was characterized by FESEM, FTIR, BET, XRD, and XPS techniques. The kinetics study showed that within 120 min of reaction time, the adsorption equilibrium was reached, and the adsorption of fluoride proceeds through the pseudo-second-order reaction. Sorption was evaluated using the adsorption isotherm models. From the results, it was found that PCBB follows the Langmuir isotherm model. The adsorption experiments for fluoride removal were performed at different pH, catalyst dosage, time, and initial concentration to check the removal efficiency of the PCBB. The optimized reaction conditions were obtained for 10 ppm fluoride concentration, 1.0 g of catalyst dosage, at 5.0 pH, and 120 min of reaction time with 92% removal efficiency. The role of PCBB towards sustainable management has been discussed in accordance with the circular economy. |
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