| Title | Life-Cycle Assessment of Sustainable Aviation Fuel Derived from Paper Sludge |
|---|---|
| ID_Doc | 21674 |
| Authors | Lan, K; Cruz, D; Li, JY; Boakye, AAA; Park, H; Tiller, P; Mittal, A; Johnson, DK; Park, S; Yao, Y |
| Title | Life-Cycle Assessment of Sustainable Aviation Fuel Derived from Paper Sludge |
| Year | 2024 |
| Published | Acs Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 12.0, 22 |
| Abstract | Converting waste paper sludge to sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) offers a circular economy strategy to decarbonize the aviation sector. This study develops a life-cycle assessment (LCA) for converting high-ash paper sludge to SAF in the U.S. using a catalytic sugar upgrading system that consists of ash removal, enzymatic hydrolysis, dehydration, aldol condensation, and hydroprocessing. The LCA is coupled with a process simulation for an industrial-scale biorefinery based on experimental data. We quantified the carbon intensity as 35.7-41.8 gCO(2)eq MJ(-1) SAF (-636 to -584 gCO(2)eq per dry kg paper sludge) with acetone as a solvent, renewable fuel, and biobased chemicals; this is further reduced to 5.1-11.1 gCO(2)eq MJ(-1) (-925 to -873 gCO(2)eq per dry kg paper sludge) if ash is recycled and used for substituting cement. Converting 1 dry kg paper sludge to SAF with acetone, renewable fuel, and biobased chemicals (-925 to -584 gCO(2)eq) is more climate beneficial than landfilling without landfill gas recovery (791 gCO(2)eq) and with landfill gas recovery (-294 gCO(2)eq). More than 330 million gallons of SAF can be produced annually (>4 million dry t paper sludge/year in the U.S.), resulting in a reduction of 2-7 million tCO(2)eq. |
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