| Title | The Effect of the Calcination Time on Dumbbell-Like ZnFe2O4/C Anode Derived from Expired Waste Zinc/Ferrous Gluconates |
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| ID_Doc | 25629 |
| Authors | Hou, HY; Lan, J; Wang, L; Xu, JL; Meng, K; Feng, MM |
| Title | The Effect of the Calcination Time on Dumbbell-Like ZnFe2O4/C Anode Derived from Expired Waste Zinc/Ferrous Gluconates |
| Year | 2021 |
| Published | Waste And Biomass Valorization, 12, 9 |
| Abstract | Micronutrient (such as zinc and iron) deficiency can cause the mental retardation, anemia and low immunity. For this purpose, large quantity of zinc-containing and iron-containing food additives and drugs such as gluconates are produced in large scale. However, the imbalance between the production and the consumption also results in the expiration of the gluconates as well as the environment pollution. Herein, for the first time, expired zinc/ferrous gluconates were synchronously recycled by a facile solvothermal method and subsequent calcination in air for the different times of 1 h, 2 h and 3 h, and the resultant ZnFe2O4/C composites were marked as ZnFe2O4/C-1 h, ZnFe2O4/C-2 h and ZnFe2O4/C-3 h, respectively. The results showed that three ZnFe2O4/C composites manifested a uniform dumbbell-like morphology with about 300-400 nm in diameter and 1-2 mu m in length. With the elongation of the calcination time from 1 h to 2 h and to 3 h, the carbon content of ZnFe2O4/C composite decreased from 10.4% to 6.5% and to 3.6%, while the graphitization degree and crystallinity gradually increased. Furthermore, the dumbbell-like ZnFe2O4/C-2 h composite anode exhibited the reversible specific capacity of 909 mA hg(-1) at 0.5 Ag-1 after 50 cycles, higher than those of ZnFe2O4/C-1 h, ZnFe2O4/C-3 h as well as the result in literatures possibly attributed to the synergistic effect of the optimal carbon content, graphitization degree and crystallinity. [GRAPHICS] . |
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