Knowledge Agora

Title	Mechanochemical upcycling of spent LiCoO2 to new LiNi0.80Co0.15Al0.05O2 battery: An atom economy strategy
ID_Doc	25673
Authors	Yu, JD; Li, J; Zhang, S; Wei, F; Liu, YJ; Li, JH
Title	Mechanochemical upcycling of spent LiCoO2 to new LiNi0.80Co0.15Al0.05O2 battery: An atom economy strategy
Year	2023
Published	Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America, 120, 14
Abstract	The use of strong acids and low atom efficiency in conventional hydrometallurgical recycling of spent lithium- ion batteries (LIBs) results in significant secondary wastes and CO2 emissions. Herein, we utilize the waste metal current collectors in spent LIBs to promote atom economy and reduce chemicals consumption in a conversion process of spent Li1-xCoO2 (LCO)-* new LiNi0.80Co0.15Al0.05O2 (NCA) cathode. Mechanochemical activation is employed to achieve moderate valence reduction of transition metal oxides (Co3+-Co2+,3+) and efficient oxidation of current collector fragments (Al0-Al3+, Cu0-*Cu1+,2+), and then due to stored internal energy from ball-milling, the leaching rates of Li, Co, Al, and Cu in the <= 4 mm crushed products uniformly approach 100% with just weak acetic acid. Instead of corrosive precipitation reagents, larger Al fragments (>= 4 mm) are used to control the oxidation/reduction potential (ORP) in the aqueous leachate and induce the targeted removal of impurity ions (Cu, Fe). After the upcycling of NCA precursor solution to NCA cathode powders, we demonstrate excellent electro-chemical performance of the regenerated NCA cathode and improved environmental impact. Through life cycle assessments, the profit margin of this green upcycling path reaches about 18%, while reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 45%.
PDF	https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2217698120

Similar Articles

ID	Score	Article
26849		Nair, AV; Jayasree, SS; Baji, DS; Nair, S; Santhanagopalan, D Environment-friendly acids for leaching transition metals from spent-NMC532 cathode and sustainable conversion to potential anodes(2024)Rsc Sustainability, 2, 8
21099		Aannir, M; Hakkou, R; Levard, C; Taha, Y; Ghennioui, A; Rose, J; Saadoune, I Towards a closed loop recycling process of end-of-life lithium-ion batteries: Recovery of critical metals and electrochemical performance evaluation of a regenerated LiCoO2(2023)
15101		Chabhadiya, K; Srivastava, RR; Pathak, P Two-step leaching process and kinetics for an eco-friendly recycling of critical metals from spent Li-ion batteries(2021)Journal Of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 9, 3
25687		Morina, R; Callegari, D; Merli, D; Alberti, G; Mustarelli, P; Quartarone, E Cathode Active Material Recycling from Spent Lithium Batteries: A Green (Circular) Approach Based on Deep Eutectic Solvents(2022)Chemsuschem, 15, 2
21251		de Castro, RH; Espinosa, DCR; Gobo, LA; Kumoto, EA; Botelho, AB Jr; Tenorio, JS Design of Recycling Processes for NCA-Type Li-Ion Batteries from Electric Vehicles toward the Circular Economy(2024)Energy & Fuels, 38.0, 6
10397		Liu, JD; Mak, TY; Meng, Z; Wang, XY; Cao, YL; Lu, ZG; Suen, DWS; Lu, XY; Tang, YY Efficient recovery of lithium as Li₂CO₃ and cobalt as Co₃O₄ from spent lithium-ion batteries after leaching with p-toluene sulfonic acid(2023)
26363		El Mounafia, N; Aannir, M; Hakkou, R; Zaabout, A; Saadoune, I Comparative performance analysis of NMC cathodes elaborated from recovered and commercial raw materials: A low-temperature molten salt approach for extracting critical metals from end-of-life lithium-ion batteries(2023)
20750		Gnutzmann, MM; Makvandi, A; Ying, BX; Buchmann, J; Lüther, MJ; Helm, B; Nagel, P; Peterlechner, M; Wilde, G; Gomez-Martin, A; Kleiner, K; Winter, M; Kasnatscheew, J Direct Recycling at the Material Level: Unravelling Challenges and Opportunities through a Case Study on Spent Ni-Rich Layered Oxide-Based Cathodes(2024)
32830		Marchese, D; Giosuè, C; Staffolani, A; Conti, M; Orcioni, S; Soavi, F; Cavalletti, M; Stipa, P An Overview of the Sustainable Recycling Processes Used for Lithium-Ion Batteries(2024)Batteries-Basel, 10, 1
6165		Hantanasirisakul, K; Sawangphruk, M Sustainable Reuse and Recycling of Spent Li-Ion batteries from Electric Vehicles: Chemical, Environmental, and Economical Perspectives(2023)Global Challenges, 7, 4