| Title | Circular Recycling Strategies for LFP Batteries: A Review Focusing on Hydrometallurgy Sustainable Processing |
|---|---|
| ID_Doc | 26309 |
| Authors | Vasconcelos, DD; Tenorio, JAS; Botelho, AB; Espinosa, DCR |
| Title | Circular Recycling Strategies for LFP Batteries: A Review Focusing on Hydrometallurgy Sustainable Processing |
| Year | 2023 |
| Published | Metals, 13, 3 |
| Abstract | The exponential growth of electric and hybrid vehicles in the last five years forecasts a waste problem when their batteries achieve end-of-life. Li-ion batteries for vehicles have been assembled using materials from natural resources (as Li, Fe, Al, Cu Co, Mn and P). Among them, LiFePO4 cathode materials have demonstrated advantages such as charge-discharge cycles, thermal stability, surface area and raw materials availability (against Ni and Co systems). Due to the performance, LFP batteries stand out in heavy duty fleet, achieving 90% of new energy buses in China. To achieve the circular economy, the recycling of LFP batteries may be carried out by pyrometallurgy (thermal processing), hydrometallurgy (aqueous processing) or both in combination. Comparatively, hydrometallurgical processing is more advantageous due to its low energy consumption and CO2 emissions. In addition, Li may be recovered in a high-pure grade. This work is a literature review of the current alternatives for the recycling of LFP batteries by hydrometallurgy, comparing designed processes in the literature and indicating solutions towards a circular economy. The major recycling steps of hydrometallurgy routes such as pre-treatments, leaching and purification steps will be gathered and discussed in terms of efficiency and environmental impact. |
Similar Articles
| ID | Score | Article |
|---|---|---|
4416
|
Mossali, E; Picone, N; Gentilini, L; Rodrìguez, O; Pérez, JM; Colledani, M Lithium-ion batteries towards circular economy: A literature review of opportunities and issues of recycling treatments(2020) | |
| 6165
|
Hantanasirisakul, K; Sawangphruk, M Sustainable Reuse and Recycling of Spent Li-Ion batteries from Electric Vehicles: Chemical, Environmental, and Economical Perspectives(2023)Global Challenges, 7, 4 | |
| 3026
|
Velázquez-Martínez, O; Valio, J; Santasalo-Aarnio, A; Reuter, M; Serna-Guerrero, R A Critical Review of Lithium-Ion Battery Recycling Processes from a Circular Economy Perspective(2019)Batteries-Basel, 5, 4 | |
| 11073
|
Cao, Y; Li, JF; Ji, HC; Wei, XJ; Zhou, GM; Cheng, HM A review of direct recycling methods for spent lithium-ion batteries(2024) | |
| 9495
|
Biswal, BK; Zhang, B; Tran, PTM; Zhang, JJ; Balasubramanian, R Recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries for a sustainable future: recent advancements(2024)Chemical Society Reviews, 53.0, 11 | |
| 4958
|
Islam, MT; Iyer-Raniga, U Lithium-Ion Battery Recycling in the Circular Economy: A Review(2022)Recycling, 7, 3 | |
| 7234
|
Popescu, IA; Dorneanu, SA; Truta, RM; Ilea, P RECENT RESEARCH RELATED TO Li-ION BATTERY RECYCLING PROCESSES-A REVIEW(2022)Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai Chemia, 67, 1 | |
| 16765
|
Roy, JJ; Rarotra, S; Krikstolaityte, V; Zhuoran, KW; Cindy, YDI; Tan, XY; Carboni, M; Meyer, D; Yan, QY; Srinivasan, M Green Recycling Methods to Treat Lithium-Ion Batteries E-Waste: A Circular Approach to Sustainability(2022)Advanced Materials, 34, 25 | |
| 16202
|
Kurz, L; Forster, S; Wörner, R; Reichert, F Environmental Impacts of Specific Recyclates in European Battery Regulatory-Compliant Lithium-Ion Cell Manufacturing(2023)Sustainability, 15, 1 | |
| 22885
|
Fahimi, A; Ducoli, S; Federici, S; Ye, GZ; Mousa, E; Frontera, P; Bontempi, E Evaluation of the sustainability of technologies to recycle spent lithium-ion batteries, based on embodied energy and carbon footprint(2022) |