Knowledge Agora

Title	Cycle life of lithium ion batteries after flash cryogenic freezing
ID_Doc	27850
Authors	Grandjean, TRB; Groenewald, J; McGordon, A; Marco, J
Title	Cycle life of lithium ion batteries after flash cryogenic freezing
Year	2019
Published
Abstract	Growing global sales of electric vehicles (EVs) are raising concerns about the reverse logistics challenge of transporting damaged, defective and waste lithium ion battery (LIB) packs. The European Union Battery Directive stipulates that 50% of LIBs must be recycled and EV manufacturers are responsible for collection, treatment and recycling. The International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road requirement to transport damaged or defective LIB packs in approved explosion proof steel containers imposes expensive certification. Further, the physical weight and volume of LIB packaging increases transport costs of damaged or defective packs as part of a complete recycling or repurposing strategy. Cryogenic flash freezing (CFF) removes the possibility of thermal runaway in LIBs even in extreme abuse conditions. Meaning damaged or defective LIBs may be transported safely whilst cryogenically frozen. Herein, LIBs are cycled until 20% capacity fade to establish that CFF does not affect electrical performance (energy capacity and impedance) during ageing. This is demonstrated on two different cell chemistries and form factors. The potential to remanufacture or reuse cells/modules subjected to CFF supports circular economy principles through extending useful life and reducing raw material usage. Thereby improving the environmental sustainability of transitioning from internal combustion engines to EVs.
PDF	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2019.100804

Similar Articles

ID	Score	Article
25745		Grandjean, TRB; Groenewald, J; Marco, J The experimental evaluation of lithium ion batteries after flash cryogenic freezing(2019)
25564		Grandjean, TRB; Jeswinth, AA; McGordon, A; Marco, J Experimental Evaluation of Lithium-ion Batteries at Different Cryogenic Freezing Rates(2020)
26151		Thompson, DL; Hartley, JM; Lambert, SM; Shiref, M; Harper, GDJ; Kendrick, E; Anderson, P; Ryder, KS; Gaines, L; Abbott, AP The importance of design in lithium ion battery recycling - a critical review(2020)Green Chemistry, 22, 22
28821		Ferrara, C; Ruffo, R; Quartarone, E; Mustarelli, P Circular Economy and the Fate of Lithium Batteries: Second Life and Recycling(2021)Advanced Energy And Sustainability Research, 2.0, 10
4416		Mossali, E; Picone, N; Gentilini, L; Rodrìguez, O; Pérez, JM; Colledani, M Lithium-ion batteries towards circular economy: A literature review of opportunities and issues of recycling treatments(2020)
229		Harper, GDJ; Kendrick, E; Anderson, PA; Mrozik, W; Christensen, P; Lambert, S; Greenwood, D; Das, PK; Ahmeid, M; Milojevic, Z; Du, WJ; Brett, DJL; Shearing, PR; Rastegarpanah, A; Stolkin, R; Sommerville, R; Zorin, A; Durham, JL; Abbott, AP; Thompson, D; Browning, ND; Mehdi, BL; Bahri, M; Schanider-Tontini, F; Nicholls, D; Stallmeister, C; Friedrich, B; Sommerfeld, M; Driscoll, LL; Jarvis, A; Giles, EC; Slater, PR; Echavarri-Bravo, V; Maddalena, G; Horsfall, LE; Gaines, L; Dai, Q; Jethwa, SJ; Lipson, AL; Leeke, GA; Cowell, T; Farthing, JG; Mariani, G; Smith, A; Iqbal, Z; Golmohammadzadeh, R; Sweeney, L; Goodship, V; Li, Z; Edge, J; Lander, L; Nguyen, VT; Elliot, RJR; Heidrich, O; Slattery, M; Reed, D; Ahuja, J; Cavoski, A; Lee, RB; Driscoll, E; Baker, J; Littlewood, P; Styles, I; Mahanty, S; Boons, F Roadmap for a sustainable circular economy in lithium-ion and future battery technologies(2023)Journal Of Physics-Energy, 5, 2
22778		Doose, S; Mayer, JK; Michalowski, P; Kwade, A Challenges in Ecofriendly Battery Recycling and Closed Material Cycles: A Perspective on Future Lithium Battery Generations(2021)Metals, 11.0, 2
16420		Akram, MN; Abdul-Kader, W Sustainable Development Goals and End-of-Life Electric Vehicle Battery: Literature Review(2023)Batteries-Basel, 9, 7
29452		Swain, B Cost effective recovery of lithium from lithium ion battery by reverse osmosis and precipitation: a perspective(2018)Journal Of Chemical Technology And Biotechnology, 93.0, 2
6165		Hantanasirisakul, K; Sawangphruk, M Sustainable Reuse and Recycling of Spent Li-Ion batteries from Electric Vehicles: Chemical, Environmental, and Economical Perspectives(2023)Global Challenges, 7, 4