| Title | Perspective on the low-carbon transformation pathways of fossil energy under dual carbon goals |
|---|---|
| ID_Doc | 32745 |
| Authors | Li, WJ; Zhang, JW; Yuan, XS; Yang, LP; Zhu, HX; Zhang, XF; Li, ZT; Liu, L; Liu, ZG; Xiao, Y; Cai, R; Liu, ZM |
| Title | Perspective on the low-carbon transformation pathways of fossil energy under dual carbon goals |
| Year | 2024 |
| Published | Chinese Science Bulletin-Chinese, 69, 8 |
| Abstract | China has the world's largest carbon dioxide emissions primarily due to its reliance of the energy and industrial systems on fossil resources, especially coal. A low-carbon pathway for fossil resources not only involves reducing CO2 emissions but also the energy security and the stability of industrial and supply chains, which is of great importance to China's high-quality development. To reduce CO2 emissions from fossil fuels, it is imperative to promote their comprehensive utilization as chemical feedstock instead of fuel with multi-energy system integration. Multi-energy system integration can break through the existing barriers in the energy sector and promote the integration of the resource advantages of various energy systems. In addition, it can reconstruct the energy and heavy industry system and realize the green and low-carbon circular development of high-carbon industries in China. By promoting the integrated development of coal chemical and petrochemical industries, the safety of the petrochemical industry could be ensured, the diversified utilization of petrochemical raw materials could be promoted, and a new framework of complementary and coordinated development between coal chemical and petroleum chemical industries could be established. Integration of chemical industry with sectors such as steel and cement can achieve deep decarbonization in hard-to-abate industrial sectors. For example, utilizing carbon monoxide from steel industry exhaust gases and coupling it with chemical industry processes can co-produce steel and chemicals with significant emission reduction potential. Additionally, innovative approaches such as methane atmosphere calcination of cement clinker can effectively address process emissions in the cement industry while directly producing synthesis gas for downstream chemical production. Power to X, which refers to a bundle of ways to convert, store, and reconvert electricity, offers a great opportunity to couple renewable energy with fossil fuels. Water could be electrolyzed to produce hydrogen using renewable electricity. Hydrogen, a clean and versatile energy carrier, can be used in the industrial process reengineering to drive low- and zero-carbon transformations through technological innovation, which is crucial for deep decarbonization of hard-to-abate sectors. For example, the coupling of green hydrogen and coal-to-olefins process can eliminate the need for water-shift reaction in traditional coal gasification processes, reducing carbon emissions from the source and significantly improving coal utilization efficiency. Moreover, the green oxygen produced in the electrolysis process can be used in the gasification process and reduce the demand for air separation, consequently lowering the usage of fossil fuel energy. CO could be produced by electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 with renewable electricity, which could then be used to synthesize fuels. In the low-carbon transition path of fossil energy, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) has proactively positioned itself in addressing key scientific issues and core technologies in the energy field. Key breakthroughs have been made in areas such as coal-to-synthesis gas selective catalytic conversion of low-carbon olefins, new-generation methanol-to-olefins technology, coal-to-methanol-to-ethanol technology, direct synthesis of high-carbon alcohols with oil co-production from synthesis gas, new-generation synthesis gas-to-oil technology, new-generation indirect coal liquefaction to oil technology, and the technique of hydroisomerization for producing high-quality lubricating base oil from coal-based Fischer-Tropsch synthetic wax, dimethyl carbonate synthesis from methanol with a dual-site ion liquid catalyst, and non-photogas isocyanate preparation technology. The aim is to explore a low-carbon innovation and development path for fossil energy utilization that aligns with China's national conditions. |
| https://www.sciengine.com/doi/pdfView/DB635271369E42BBA0F1EE3E4E61E0A9 |
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