| Title | Current status and prospects for scientific data's cross-border governance |
|---|---|
| ID_Doc | 33809 |
| Authors | Wang, J; Zhou, XL; Shen, YY; Li, ZY; Ren, XP; Yang, Y |
| Title | Current status and prospects for scientific data's cross-border governance |
| Year | 2024 |
| Published | Chinese Science Bulletin-Chinese, 69.0, 14 |
| Abstract | With the rise of the fourth scientific research paradigm featuring Big Data and the need of international Science and Technology (S&T) cooperation, scientific data has become as a significant component of fundamental S&T resources. Scientific data's cross-border flow rules have also gradually become a key issue for S&T governance. As China accelerates the construction of an open innovation ecology and participates actively in open science, the demand for sharing, management, and comprehensive utilization of scientific data is also increasing. Therefore, mastering the rules of scientific data's cross-border flow is necessary and has a critical meaning in this context. This study first clarifies the scientific data's definition and its cross-border flow's main features, then analyzes the institutional construction of multilateral /international organizations, European Union and United States' scientific data cross-border flow from two dimensions-passive cross-border flow formed by open and sharing, and active cross-border flow formed by cross-border transmission. The multilateral governance system presents a multilevel and fragmented feature, while the governance system of the E.U. reveals a feature of "loose inside, strict outside". Concurrently, the governance system of the U.S. restricts the free outflow but allows the free inflow of scientific data. Secondly, the research sorts out the history of China's scientific opening and sharing data based on China's Five-Year Plans. Then, it focuses on the institutional construction of scientific data's cross-border transmission after the enaction of China's "Three Key Laws on Data", specifically Cyber Security Law, Data Security Law, and Personal Information Protection Law. The research finds three primary ways with five routes available for scientific data to move cross-border under "Three Key Laws on Data". They are: (1) scientific data's free flow; (2) flow with conditions in which data exit security assessment, personal information standard contract, and personal information authentication protection are its three routes; (3) restricted cross-border flow. After the above analysis, based on the problems and challenges faced, the research proposes four recommendations for China's cross-border governance of scientific data: (1) Strengthening the top-level design and innovative governing measures of scientific data's cross-border flow. Specifically, balancing the relationship between development and security, and fully understanding the necessity of open sharing of scientific data in the context of international scientific research environment and open innovation ecology construction. In addition, trying out innovative governance methods, such as setting up a negative list of the scientific data's cross-border flow, establishing a "green channel", and other appropriate steps. (2) Improving the whole governance system from both top-down and bottom-up. Specifically, accelerating the formulation of standards and policies on scientific data's classification, important data categories, and critical information infrastructure; guiding national research funding agencies to improve their data management system with data management plan (DMP); and conducting comprehensive compliance review of scientific data that has been open and shared after the full implementation of new regulations. (3) Enhancing the extent of scientific data center's internationalization, standardization, and capacity building by optimizing the construction layout of centers, and improving existing data centers' ability to absorb, transfer, manage, and analyze scientific data. (4) Accelerating the pace of deep participation in the global governance of scientific data's cross-border flow from aspects of actively participating in the international governance activities; relying on the institutional open regions and existing S&T cooperation base to make the trial and convergence of different rules; and actively conducting related research from a global perspective. |
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