| Title | Contribution Of Merchants To The Improvement Of Tomsk In The Second Half Of The 19Th Early 20Th Centuries |
|---|---|
| ID_Doc | 33819 |
| Authors | Tat'yana, NM |
| Title | Contribution Of Merchants To The Improvement Of Tomsk In The Second Half Of The 19Th Early 20Th Centuries |
| Year | 2014 |
| Published | |
| Abstract | The article studies the questions of improvement of Tomsk, merchants' contribution to the improvement works is defined. The peculiarities of the merchants' participating in the system events of municipalities for urban beautification are described. In the second half of the 19th - early 20th centuries the attitude of the town authorities to beautification changed radically. This change was primarily due to the new law on towns and empowerment of Town Dumas that obtained more opportunities to spend the municipal budget spending on the town needs. The municipality in this period was active in business activities, which provided a wide range of activities for improvement. The Town Council had a specially created Commission directly involved in carrying out systematic measures for improvement of the town: the draining of wetlands, paving, lighting and landscaping of streets and squares. Merchants participated in the financing of urban drainage activities, channeling of soil and sewage waters and street leveling, which was mandatory for all homeowners. Large trading firms often provided additional funds for backfilling and paving streets, ditch and sidewalks drainage devices in their tenements, shops and residential buildings. Improving their property, they thereby improved adjacent territories and streets. Merchants actively involved in greening the city by planting gardens and flower beds on the territories of their houses. Merchants entrepreneurs built factories, and next to the industrial production - cottages with residential houses and outbuildings surrounded by gardens on the rented lands along the Tom, Ushayka and Basandayka Rivers. An important problem of urban development was the state of the carriageway and the pedestrian part of the street. The main streets had wooden bridges for pedestrians (decks and sidewalks), the roadway was graveled and macadamized, between the pedestrian and the road way there were ditches for water drainage. Homeowners were required to keep parts of streets in an operational condition. At the end of the 19th century Tomsk had apparent systematic measures to improve the town. By the beginning of the 20th century its condition, in comparison with other Siberian cities (Omsk, Krasnoyarsk), was quite favorable: public water supply, electric lighting, central streets paved with stone blocks, landscaped gardens, parks and boulevards. But it should be noted that merchants were not too willing to donate funds to the city budget for the improvement of the streets and squares. They were involved in urban development by caring about their property: mansions, tenement houses, factories, mills. Merchants took care of their private property, they invested money, made it convenient, implemented all technical innovations, improved the territory by arranging pavements, planting gardens and flower beds. After all, apartments in tenement houses, rooms in hotels with landscaped gardening area primarily attracted the potential tenant and lodger, and shops equipped with the latest technology, with electricity, of course, attracted a large number of buyers. |
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