| Title | Evolution Roadmaps for Smart Cities: Determining Viable Paths |
|---|---|
| ID_Doc | 42808 |
| Authors | Anthopoulos, L; Fitsilis, P |
| Title | Evolution Roadmaps for Smart Cities: Determining Viable Paths |
| Year | 2013 |
| Published | |
| Abstract | Smart cities have emerged for more than twenty years from their primary website form to modern ubiquitous and environmental sensitive ones and they encounter an extensive number of representative cases, with an international spread. Today they are considered living labs, areas of smart growth and favorable e-Government environments, while they structure a modern and globalized market with a raising and competitive industry. Various alternative approaches to smart city can be observed, which appeared and have evolved during this timeline. These approaches have attracted various and significant cases, which either evolved to other forms or they later declined. This paper recognizes these different smart city approaches and their evolution, and it seeks to answer the following questions: what different approaches to smart city exist or have existed? How have the smart cities evolved? Do particular evolution roadmaps exist for smart cities? In order to answer these questions, this paper presents a worldwide smart city classification, which describes all the alternative approaches that appear in literature and determines representative city cases together with similarities and differences among these approaches. Literature review is combined with data from an investigation of the official websites of the representative cases, which returns groups of e-services that are being offered by different smart city approaches. These e-service groups are used to identify evolution roadmaps for smart city that can show how smart cities have emerged and to which particular directions are being evolved. The evolution roadmaps are depicted via technology roadmapping tool. Moreover, these roadmaps can become a useful tool for municipal decision makers, who have to choose between evolution forms and smart city projects that secure smart city's viability. Viability is a crucial parameter for every project, especially due to recent financial recession, since smart cities concern extensive and demanding investments, which affect large communities and local life in a significant manner. |
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