| Title | Valorization of wheat milling by-products into bacterial nanocellulose via ex-situ modification following circular economy principles |
|---|---|
| ID_Doc | 5238 |
| Authors | Natsia, A; Tsouko, E; Pateraki, C; Efthymiou, MN; Papagiannopoulos, A; Selianitis, D; Pispas, S; Bethanis, K; Koutinas, A |
| Title | Valorization of wheat milling by-products into bacterial nanocellulose via ex-situ modification following circular economy principles |
| Year | 2022 |
| Published | |
| Abstract | This study investigated the production of bacterial cellulose (BC) from wheat milling by-products and its post-modification to obtain nanostructures (BCNs). Crude enzyme consortia produced by Aspergillus awamori were involved in the enzymatic hydrolysis of wheat milling by-products to produce a nutrient-rich fermentation feedstock for BC production. The fermentation efficiency with Komagataeibacter sucrofermentans DSM 15973 was evaluated under various pH values and C/free amino nitrogen (FAN) ratios. The highest BC concentration (5.2 g/L) and productivity (0.74 g/L/day) were obtained at a pH value of 5.2 anda C/FAN ratio of 14.5 g/g. Sequential ex-situ modification of BC using H2SO4-assisted hydrolysis, led to BCNs with 45.8-73.1 nm fiber di-ameter (D) and length (L)/D ratio higher than 13. The crystallinity index (CrI) of BCNs was in-creased by 1.1 folds (90.1%), while thermogravimetric analysis revealed slight differences re-garding the maximum decomposition temperature compared to the untreated BC (338 degrees C). The FT-IR spectra of BC and BCNs showed typical cellulose vibration bands while peaks at 748 cm-1 and 709 cm-1 indicated the presence of I alpha and I beta allomorphs. Size distribution of BCNs via dy-namic light scattering exhibited polydispersity within the nanoscale (72 nm and 931 nm). Sur -face charge of BCNs (in absolute value) was increased by 44.5% compared to BC. |
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