| Title | Forecasting quantities of critical raw materials in obsolete feature and smart phones in Greece: A path to circular economy |
|---|---|
| ID_Doc | 5319 |
| Authors | Kastanaki, E; Giannis, A |
| Title | Forecasting quantities of critical raw materials in obsolete feature and smart phones in Greece: A path to circular economy |
| Year | 2022 |
| Published | |
| Abstract | Mobile phones represent an ever-increasing waste stream due to the increasing ownership and short lifetime. In particular, smartphones are among the most valuable e-waste because of their extremely high content of numerous key metals, specifically in the printed circuit board and magnets. As feature and smart phones contain different key metals at different concentrations, it is important to distinguish between the two phone types to make reliable estimations. This study presents estimations of obsolete mobile phones quantities, generated in Greece in 1995-2035 and the Critical Raw Materials (CRMs) and Precious Metals (PMs) embedded in them, making a differentiation between feature and smart phones. The dynamic material flow analysis is adopted, the lifespan is evaluated by the Weibull distribution and future sales are predicted by the logistic model incorporating phases of growth, saturation and decline. Then, the future wastes are predicted by the Market Supply A model. According to the results, the generation of obsolete smartphones is constantly increasing, while the waste flows of feature phones are declining. Efficient recycling of obsolete phones (1995-2020) can cover the demand for key metals (Au, Pd, Co) in the new smartphones for more than a decade in Greece, while the demand for Ag, Sb, Si, Zn, Be, Ti will be covered for more than 15 years. In 2020-2035 the accumulated amounts of CRMs and PMs, only from the smartphone waste, will be 1292.02 and 14.11 tonnes, respectively. The findings can contribute to the management of a valuable e-waste category closing the loop between resources-products wastes. |
Similar Articles
| ID | Score | Article |
|---|---|---|
28266
|
Bogar, ZO; Gungor, A Forecasting Waste Mobile Phone (WMP) Quantity and Evaluating the Potential Contribution to the Circular Economy: A Case Study of Turkey(2023)Sustainability, 15.0, 4 | |
| 15521
|
Gómez, M; Grimes, S; Qian, YT; Feng, YX; Fowler, G Critical and strategic metals in mobile phones: A detailed characterisation of multigenerational waste mobile phones and the economic drivers for recovery of metal value(2023) | |
| 6377
|
Kastanaki, E; Giannis, A Dynamic estimation of future obsolete laptop flows and embedded critical raw materials: The case study of Greece(2021) | |
| 20126
|
Cenci, MP; Eidelwein, EM; Scarazzato, T; Veit, HM Assessment of smartphones' components and materials for a recycling perspective: tendencies of composition and target elements(2024)Journal Of Material Cycles And Waste Management, 26, 3 | |
| 10621
|
Mishima, K; Rosano, M; Mishima, N; Nishimura, H End-of-Life Strategies for Used Mobile Phones Using Material Flow Modeling(2016)Recycling, 1, 1 | |
| 21983
|
Kumari, R; Samadder, SR Evaluation of the recycling potential of obsolete mobile phones through secondary material resources identification: A comprehensive characterization study(2023) | |
| 67983
|
Nunes, IC; Kohlbeck, E; Beuren, FH; Fagundes, AB; Pereira, D Life cycle analysis of electronic products for a product-service system(2021) | |
| 4388
|
Cordova-Pizarro, D; Aguilar-Barajas, I; Romero, D; Rodriguez, CA Circular Economy in the Electronic Products Sector: Material Flow Analysis and Economic Impact of Cellphone E-Waste in Mexico(2019)Sustainability, 11, 5 | |
| 19643
|
Prabhu, NS; Majhi, R Disposal of obsolete mobile phones: A review on replacement, disposal methods, in-use lifespan, reuse and recycling(2023)Waste Management & Research, 41.0, 1 | |
| 22346
|
Söderman, ML; André, H Effects of circular measures on scarce metals in complex products - Case studies of electrical and electronic equipment(2019) |