| Title | Systematic review on liquid organic waste (LOW) characteristics, processing technologies, and their potential applications: Towards circular economy and resource efficiency |
|---|---|
| ID_Doc | 5620 |
| Authors | Kumareswaran, K; Ranasinghe, S; Jayasinghe, GY; Dassanayake, KB |
| Title | Systematic review on liquid organic waste (LOW) characteristics, processing technologies, and their potential applications: Towards circular economy and resource efficiency |
| Year | 2024 |
| Published | |
| Abstract | Efficiently managing liquid organic waste (LOW) is imperative for tackling the global challenges of waste accumulation, deteriorated environmental conditions, and rising healthcare costs. Within this context, the circular economy has emerged as a pivotal focus in scientific agendas worldwide, offering innovative solutions for LOW management with minimal environmental impact. A systematic review of 385 scientific communications was conducted employing the latest PRISMA methodology, with no time gap. Additionally, 46 reports, protocols, guidelines, country reports, and publications from international organizations such as the UN, World Bank, WHO, IEA, UNEP, EPA, EC, and EEA were referenced. The study seeks to resolve the ambiguity around LOW by defining LOW based on fundamental characteristics of high nutrient and moisture content, potential for sustainable agriculture, and management risk including pollution threat; and categorizing it into food waste, livestock, agro-industrial, and municipal waste. The study investigates different waste stream sources, their physiochemical features, appropriate processing technologies, end -products, and potential applications. The research critically examines the design configurations, and optimal processing technologies such as biological, thermal, biochemical, hydrothermal, and electro-biochemical methods. Majority of the commercial plants are biochemical plants using anaerobic digestion, evidencing greater potential for co -digestion. Unlike solid waste or wastewater management, the scope for biological and thermal processing techniques is limited with most of the plants still in lab scale. The study underscores the crucial need to transition to circular economy and resource efficiency for sustainability. The study demonstrates how LOW management aligns with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), addressing water pollution, health, and climate action. Proposing a strategic framework for managing LOW encompassing technology, policies, markets, and the economy, with stakeholders' involvement considering social, economic, regulatory, and governance factors, the research discusses potential limitations in LOW disposal and advocates viable solutions for strategic liquid organic waste management. Integrated LOW management, policy coherence, comprehensive environmental laws, waste management regulation revisions, solution -oriented innovation, and nexus thinking will be required to move forward. In a rapidly changing environment, this information will assist policymakers and stakeholders in identifying research gaps and establishing effective liquid organic waste management strategies to promote sustainable development. |
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