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Title	Effective valorization of Chlorella biomass and Brewers spent grain substituting fish meal and soybean meal in the diet of herbivorous fish Cirrhinus reba for higher growth, digestibility and sustainable cultivation
ID_Doc	6180
Authors	Chattaraj, S; Behera, BK; Das Mohapatra, PK
Title	Effective valorization of Chlorella biomass and Brewers spent grain substituting fish meal and soybean meal in the diet of herbivorous fish Cirrhinus reba for higher growth, digestibility and sustainable cultivation
Year	2024
Published	Journal Of Applied Phycology, 36, 1
Abstract	This study assessed the effects of substituting fish meal and soybean meal with an algal meal and Brewers' spent grains (BSG), respectively, on the overall health of the carp, Cirrhinus reba. 18S rDNA sequencing identified the targeted alga as Chlorella sorokiniana SCB (Genbank accession no. OQ702656.1) and the alga was cheaply cultivated in raw poultry litter leachate to prepare the Chlorella meal. A control diet (FS) containing 30% protein was formulated with fish meal and soybean meal. Three experimental diets were formulated to contain Chlorella meal and soybean meal (CS), fish meal and BSG (FB), and Chlorella meal and BSG (CB) as protein ingredients. Developmental parameters were significantly enhanced in carp fed diets composed of Chlorella meal and BSG. The content of serum protein was the highest in fish fed the CS diet, while the highest liver functioning was in the CB group. An enhancement of carcass protein and a slight decrease in carcass lipid was observed in fish fed with algal and BSG-incorporated diets. The levels of saturated fatty acids and mono-unsaturated fatty acids were greatly reduced, while the long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid contents were significantly enhanced in the carcasses of carp fed the CB diet. The apparent digestibility of the feeds and feed ingredients were evaluated, and Chlorella and BSG meals had a good digestibility profile. The estimated price of CB feed was 53.72% lower than the corresponding conventional diet. The experiments showed that Chlorella meal and BSG can successfully substitute the conventional protein ingredients in the feed for C. reba without producing any negative impact on growth and nutrient utilization. This is the first report for the assessment and establishment of a combination of an alga and BSG meals as protein sources in fish feed.
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