| Title | Phosphorus removal from wastewater using marl and travertine and their thermal modifications |
|---|---|
| ID_Doc | 64871 |
| Authors | Gubernat, S; Maslon, A; Czarnota, J; Koszelnik, P |
| Title | Phosphorus removal from wastewater using marl and travertine and their thermal modifications |
| Year | 2022 |
| Published | |
| Abstract | Due to non-renewable resources and the need to meet the world's food needs, phosphorus is considered a strategic resource. As a component of agricultural fertilizers, phosphorus is the main factor causing the eutrophication process, which makes it necessary to the efficient removal of phosphorus from wastewater, will also enable the recovery of this element remove it in wastewater treatment plants. Currently used wastewater treatment methods, based on biological phosphorus binding or its chemical precipitation, force high investment and operating costs, with simultaneous insufficient phosphorus removal. Modern technologies designed to purify wastewater from phosphorus compounds are based on reactive materials that bind phosphorus in adsorption and precipitation processes, while allowing its recovery in subsequent stages. The paper presents an analysis of two natural marl and travertine materials, their thermal modifications and filter material Polonite (R) in terms of phosphorus binding by sorption and precipitation under static conditions. The research took into account the influence of the elemental composition of the materials, the initial concentration of P, fraction size, process conditions and the temperature of thermal treatment of natural materials in terms of phosphorus retention. Marl showed a higher phosphorus binding efficiency with increasing the initial concentration, reaching a maximum of 91.93% phosphorus reduction. At a concentration of 188.72 mg P/L, the marl showed the highest sorption capacity at the level of 8.72 mg P/g. Travertine achieved the highest phosphorus binding efficiency of 89.82% at an initial concentration of 20.26 mg P/L, while the highest sorption capacity of travertine equal to 7.10 mg P/g was demonstrated at the initial concentration of 188.72 mg P/L. Commercial material Polonite (R) achieved the highest phosphorus binding efficiency (95.09%) at the initial concentration of 20.26 mg P/ L. In terms of the process parameters under static conditions, the most optimal for marl, travertine and Polonite (R) are 350 rpm shaking speed and 24 h shaking time. Research using materials with different fraction sizes have shown that the most appropriate particle size is 1-2 mm due to the best phosphorus removal efficiency. Thermal treatment of both marl ( at temperatures between 600 degrees C-1,000 degrees C) and travertine (at temperatures between 650 degrees C-1,000 degrees C) clearly increases their phosphorus binding efficiency up to 99% reduction. The high efficiency of thermally modified materials was maintained regardless of the process conditions and the size of the fraction. |
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