| Title | A reverse logistics model with eco-design under the Stackelberg-Nash equilibrium and centralized framework |
|---|---|
| ID_Doc | 77637 |
| Authors | Saxena, N; Sarkar, B; Wee, HM; Reong, S; Singh, SR; Hsiao, YL |
| Title | A reverse logistics model with eco-design under the Stackelberg-Nash equilibrium and centralized framework |
| Year | 2023 |
| Published | |
| Abstract | Due to the rising consumer concern and business responsibilities towards the environment, a closed-loop supply chain with a green design is considered. Reverse logistics and return policies are receiving more attention due to increasing consumer concerns and corporate responsibility toward the environment. Hence, this article presents a sustainable supply chain model for waste reduction incorporating reverse logistics operations. A suitable return policy is discussed here for deteriorating items, incorporating an eco-design framework. Since carbon emissions are a major environmental issue, a penalty tax for polluting is introduced to reduce carbon emissions. This model considers the cost of carbon emissions due to transportation, storage, production, landfilling, building construction, power supply, and loading/unloading. Unlike previous studies, this study investigates and compares three optimization techniques based on cooperative and non-cooperative associations. The mathematical formulation has been provided with different lemmas, theorems, and algorithms. By investigating end-of-life policies, it is shown that reused products can result in more profits for a company. A product usually becomes useless and non-recoverable after four uses. However, the product's reusability can be increased by investing more in the design stage of the item. |
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