| Title | Etherification of biomass-derived glycerol to oxygenated fuel additives using dodecatungstophosphoric-silica-supported catalyst: characterization and kinetic studies |
|---|---|
| ID_Doc | 9501 |
| Authors | Magar, SB; Kapoor, A; Jana, SK; Pal, DB; Rode, CV |
| Title | Etherification of biomass-derived glycerol to oxygenated fuel additives using dodecatungstophosphoric-silica-supported catalyst: characterization and kinetic studies |
| Year | 2023 |
| Published | Biomass Conversion And Biorefinery, 13.0, 17 |
| Abstract | Commercial biodiesel production is becoming popular due to its sustainability and reduced greenhouse gas emissions in comparison to fossil fuels. Biodiesel production involves the co-generation of crude glycerol that is not directly viable. Valorization of glycerol is essential from techno-economic perspective to achieve goals of circular economy. In this study, the glycerol etherification was carried out using tert-butyl alcohol in presence of dodecatungstophosphoric/silica (DTP/SiO2) catalyst for production of tert-butyl glycerol ethers that can be used as fuel additives. A series of DTP/SiO2 catalysts were prepared with various compositions by impregnating heteropoly acids (HPA, H3PW12O40). The product analysis was performed to monitor mono-, di-, and tri-tert-butyl glycerol ethers. The kinetic studies were conducted based on Langmuir-Hinshelwood model. The rate constants were determined from experimental data by regression analysis. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction, SEM/EDX, and thermogravimetric analysis. Varying DTP loadings resulted in different catalytic activities. Activation energy (38.23 kJ/mol), activation enthalpy (25.94 kJ/mol), activation entropy (-163.8 J/mol/K), and Gibbs free energy of activation (88.67 kJ/mol) were attained for DTP/SiO2 (20%) catalyst that exhibited the best selectivity for di-tert-butyl glycerol ethers. |
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