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Title Synthesis, Characterization, and Performance Evaluation of Hybrid Waste Sludge Biochar for COD and Color Removal from Agro-Industrial Effluent
ID_Doc 10347
Authors Jagaba, AH; Kutty, SRM; Abubakar, S; Birniwa, AH; Lawal, IM; Umaru, I; Usman, AK; Yaro, NSA; Al-Zaqri, N; Al-Maswari, BM; Ibrahim, MNM; Hussain, F
Title Synthesis, Characterization, and Performance Evaluation of Hybrid Waste Sludge Biochar for COD and Color Removal from Agro-Industrial Effluent
Year 2022
Published Separations, 9, 9
DOI 10.3390/separations9090258
Abstract Agro-waste management processes are evolving through the development of novel experimental approaches to understand the mechanisms in reducing their pollution levels efficiently and economically from industrial effluents. Agro-industrial effluent (AIE) from biorefineries that contain high concentrations of COD and color are discharged into the ecosystem. Thus, the AIE from these biorefineries requires treatment prior to discharge. Therefore, the effectiveness of a continuous flow bioreactor system (CFBS) in the treatment of AIE using hybrid waste sludge biochar (HWSB) was investigated. The use of a bioreactor with hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 1-3 days and AIE concentrations of 10-50% was used in experiments based on a statistical design. AIE concentration and HRT were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) as the process variables. The performance of CFBS was analyzed in terms of COD and color removal. Findings indicated 76.52% and 66.97% reduction in COD and color, respectively. During biokinetic studies, the modified Stover models were found to be perfectly suited for the observed measurements with R-2 values 0.9741 attained for COD. Maximum contaminants elimination was attained at 30% AIE and 2-day HRT. Thus, this study proves that the HWSB made from biomass waste can potentially help preserve nonrenewable resources and promote zero-waste attainment and principles of circular economy.
Author Keywords agro-industrial effluent; biochar; chemical oxygen demand; color; palm-oil mill-effluent sludge; pulp and paper sludge
Index Keywords Index Keywords
Document Type Other
Open Access Open Access
Source Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)
EID WOS:000856630800001
WoS Category Chemistry, Analytical
Research Area Chemistry
PDF https://www.mdpi.com/2297-8739/9/9/258/pdf?version=1663232849
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