| Abstract |
Biofuels are perfect replacements for conventional fossil fuels, as they are environmentally friendly, non-polluting, locally available, sustainable, renewable, and accessible. The biomass, available abundantly on the earth's crust can be used for the production of biofuels via the circular economy concept. The presence of high organic content, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), etc. makes them excellent candidates for bioenergy generation. Bioenergy generation from agro-industrial wastes, a major biomass feedstock, is considered to be a promising technology for overcoming fossil fuel depletion as well as environmental pollution. Also, the utilization of agro-industrial wastes as feedstocks in large quantities resolves the concerns associated with waste management, which otherwise piles up and causes severe environmental pollution and health-hazardous effects. Thus, the current review mainly focuses on bioenergy generation via valorization of agro-industrial wastes. It also discusses various methodologies employed for the production of different biofuels e.g., biogas, biohydrogen, bioethanol, biodiesel, etc. The review further highlights the production strategies, limitations, and prospects of agro-industrial wastes as feedstock for bioenergy generation and waste management. It gives detailed insight into the integrated depolymerization and hydrolysis of biomass where it can be effectively used as a "green tool " in various industries e.g., biorefinery applications, and be a step towards a "cleaner ecosystem and future ". |