| Title |
Life cycle assessment of methods for recycling retired ternary lithium batteries |
| ID_Doc |
11027 |
| Authors |
Zhang, GH; Shi, MY; Hu, XC; Yang, HX; Yan, XY |
| Title |
Life cycle assessment of methods for recycling retired ternary lithium batteries |
| Year |
2024 |
| Published |
|
| DOI |
10.1016/j.est.2024.111815 |
| Abstract |
Electric car sales in China are soaring. However, the battery life service is generally short, leaving room for dramatic waste related to different types of ternary lithium batteries. Since batteries contain substantial amounts of toxic substances, wrong recycling methods may significantly rise environmental pollution. Currently, China 's Li -ion batteries recycling technologies are poor and research dealing with the environmental impact of recycling waste ternary lithium batteries by traditional hydrometallurgical technologies in China is not sufficient. In this paper, a life cycle assessment framework was carried out to analyze the environmental impacts of recycling LiNi x Co y Al 1-x-y O 2 (NCA) and LiNi x Mn y Co 1-x-y O 2 (NMC) batteries using conventional hydrometallurgical techniques implemented in traditional Chinese plants. The freshwater ecotoxicity, human carcinogenicity and marine ecotoxicity of NCA batteries were higher than those of NMC batteries when the batteries were recovered by the traditional hydrometallurgical recovery method. The traditional recycling method would bring more toxicity to the environment and the traditional hydrometallurgical route is not suitable for recycling NCA-type ternary lithium batteries. Moreover, the recycling process of all three types of batteries displayed an impact on the environment with negative growth and the highest impact on the environment during the initial stage of recycling. Overall, new directions and technical updates for China 's power battery recycling enterprises were provided, which can be useful for future planning. |
| Author Keywords |
Life cycle assessment; Lithium -ion batteries; Hydrometallurgy |
| Index Keywords |
Index Keywords |
| Document Type |
Other |
| Open Access |
Open Access |
| Source |
Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED) |
| EID |
WOS:001235230700001 |
| WoS Category |
Energy & Fuels |
| Research Area |
Energy & Fuels |
| PDF |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2024.111815
|