| Title |
Utilization of Internal Waste (Fe < 35%) of Iron Ore Mines: An Initiative Towards Zero Waste Mining |
| ID_Doc |
12354 |
| Authors |
Sit, SK; Brahma, KC; Prasanjit, SR; Nayak, C; Jena, B |
| Title |
Utilization of Internal Waste (Fe < 35%) of Iron Ore Mines: An Initiative Towards Zero Waste Mining |
| Year |
2024 |
| Published |
|
| DOI |
10.1007/978-3-031-50262-0_23 |
| Abstract |
During mining of Iron Ore, three lithological units: Laterite/Limonite, Shale and BHJ/BHQ are being excavated as internal waste, whose Fe (Total) is less than 45%. All internal wastes are being dumped in waste dump area along with top lateritic Over Burden (OB). The heterogeneity of litho-types with differential geotechnical characteristics of it may affect the waste dump stability, as space limitation for keeping litho unit-wise waste. Banded Hematite Jasper (BHJ)/Banded Hematite Quartzite (BHQ), typical rhythmically alternate layered (Fe rich Hematite and SiO2 rich Jasper/quartzite) and chemical precipitates of ocean sediments, is one of the intermittently occurring internal waste during iron ore mining operation. As per the Indian Bureau of Mines (IBM) classification, According to Gazette notification No. C-284/3/CMG/2017 dated 25th April 2018, the Fe < 45% BHJ/BHQ has been classified as waste rock and more than 45% Fe as sub-grade. As per recent development, waste of iron ore mines having Fe >= 35% also needs to be estimated and reported to the Government. BHJ is having Fe < 35%, where the hematite bands are less in comparison to jasper or quartzite bands, which gives an artistic view and the physical and mechanical properties enable it for both internal or external architectural use as well as ornamental use. Hence, utilization of such lower grade waste, whose abundance potential is substantial, is a noble attempt towards zero waste mining and improving circular economy. |
| Author Keywords |
Iron ore; Banded Hematite Jasper (BHJ); Banded Hematite Quartzite (BHQ); Over burden (OB) |
| Index Keywords |
Index Keywords |
| Document Type |
Other |
| Open Access |
Open Access |
| Source |
Conference Proceedings Citation Index - Science (CPCI-S) |
| EID |
WOS:001259335100023 |
| WoS Category |
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Mining & Mineral Processing |
| Research Area |
Geology; Mining & Mineral Processing |
| PDF |
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