| Title |
Speciation of Manganese in a Synthetic Recycling Slag Relevant for Lithium Recycling from Lithium-Ion Batteries |
| ID_Doc |
12710 |
| Authors |
Wittkowski, A; Schirmer, T; Qiu, H; Goldmann, D; Fittschen, UEA |
| Title |
Speciation of Manganese in a Synthetic Recycling Slag Relevant for Lithium Recycling from Lithium-Ion Batteries |
| Year |
2021 |
| Published |
Metals, 11.0, 2 |
| DOI |
10.3390/met11020188 |
| Abstract |
Lithium aluminum oxide has previously been identified to be a suitable compound to recover lithium (Li) from Li-ion battery recycling slags. Its formation is hampered in the presence of high concentrations of manganese (9 wt.% MnO2). In this study, mock-up slags of the system Li2O-CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO-MnOx with up to 17 mol% MnO2-content were prepared. The manganese (Mn)-bearing phases were characterized with inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), X-ray diffraction (XRD), electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), and X-ray absorption near edge structure analysis (XANES). The XRD results confirm the decrease of LiAlO2 phases from Mn-poor slags (7 mol% MnO2) to Mn-rich slags (17 mol% MnO2). The Mn-rich grains are predominantly present as idiomorphic and relatively large (>50 mu m) crystals. XRD, EPMA and XANES suggest that manganese is present in the form of a spinel solid solution. The absence of light elements besides Li and O allowed to estimate the Li content in the Mn-rich grain, and to determine a generic stoichiometry of the spinel solid solution, i.e., (Li(2x)Mn(1-x)2+)(1+x)(Al(2-z),Mn-z(3+))O-4. The coefficients x and z were determined at several locations of the grain. It is shown that the aluminum concentration decreases, while the manganese concentration increases from the start (x: 0.27; z: 0.54) to the end (x: 0.34; z: 1.55) of the crystallization. |
| Author Keywords |
lithium; engineered artificial minerals (EnAM); X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES); powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD); electron probe microanalysis (EPMA); melt experiments |
| Index Keywords |
Index Keywords |
| Document Type |
Other |
| Open Access |
Open Access |
| Source |
Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED) |
| EID |
WOS:000622779700001 |
| WoS Category |
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering |
| Research Area |
Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering |
| PDF |
https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/11/2/188/pdf
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