| Title |
Natural and recyclable alginate hydrogels as extracting media for recovering valuable metals of spent lithium-ion batteries from a deep eutectic solvent |
| ID_Doc |
12870 |
| Authors |
Wang, YF; Goikolea, E; de Larramendi, IR; Reyes, E; Lanceros-Méndez, S; Zhang, Q |
| Title |
Natural and recyclable alginate hydrogels as extracting media for recovering valuable metals of spent lithium-ion batteries from a deep eutectic solvent |
| Year |
2023 |
| Published |
|
| DOI |
10.1016/j.wasman.2023.08.047 |
| Abstract |
With the aim of achieving carbon neutrality, new policies to promote electric vehicle (EV) deployment have been announced in various countries. As EV sales gain market-share, the demand for batteries is growing very rapidly, and this has raised concerns about the raw-material supply. Therefore, efficient and environmentally friendly recycling methods for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are mandatory to properly implement circular economy par-adigms in this field. Hydrometallurgical recycling methods are characterized by their selectivity, high product purity as well as low energy consumption. In order to accomplish a close-loop recycling method, in this work we propose the use of a deep eutectic solvent (DES) and alginate hydrogels as leaching reagent and adsorbent, respectively, for their reusability, availability and biodegradability. The solubility and thermal stability of a choline chloride-ethylene glycol based DES (choline chloride: ethylene glycol = 1:2) were investigated, 180 degrees C being regarded as the temperature threshold for this DES, and reaching up to 1.12 gCo L-1 solubility after 8 h leaching. Moreover, the DES can be reused after the eutectic state recreation with a performance over 80 % with respect to the pristine DES. Calcium cross-linked sodium alginate hydrogels, which were immersed in ethylene glycol and dehydrated afterwards, were able to extract cobalt from the leachate with an efficiency of 92 %. The aforementioned hydrogels can be reused after desorption and reach 91 % of the performance of the pristine ones. The DES together with alginate hydrogel brings therefore a highly efficient and reusable close-loop recycling method. |
| Author Keywords |
Lithium -ion battery; Recycling; Alginate hydrogel; Deep eutectic solvent; Close loop; Leaching reagent reuse; Adsorption |
| Index Keywords |
Index Keywords |
| Document Type |
Other |
| Open Access |
Open Access |
| Source |
Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED) |
| EID |
WOS:001091480800001 |
| WoS Category |
Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences |
| Research Area |
Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology |
| PDF |
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