| Abstract |
The undertaking of abundantly biomass wastes generated from forest-related timber industries, e.g. wood slabs, bark, leaves, sawdust, and other waste form is still limited. Attempts are necessary to utilize those wastes into useful renewable products for example natural dyes for batik cloths and woven fabrics, which implement environmentally friendly technologies. Relevantly, this scrutiny aims to elaborate on the exploration, processing, and utilization of those wastes into natural, easily produced, and applicable dyestuffs. Biomass wastes are converted into dyes in liquid, paste, and powder forms. Dye production commences with a chemical investigation of biomass wastes in those three forms. All wastes were sorted, dried, grinded, and extracted. The resulting dyes, before being applied to the batik cloth and other woven fabrics, were fixed using inorganic chemicals, e.g. lime (CaCO3), alum (Na2Al2O4), and ferro-sulphate (FeSO4) to strengthen the color. These results are applicable as basic as well as complimentary colors for batik cloths and weaving yarns. Expectedly, in qualities, the dye products could compete with or even partially substitute the imported synthetic pigments. The positive impact is this technology could improve economic welfares of forest-surrounding communities. |