| Title |
Removal of antibiotics and pharmaceutically active compounds from water Environment: Experiments towards industrial scale up |
| ID_Doc |
15098 |
| Authors |
Pal, S; Ahamed, Z; Pal, P |
| Title |
Removal of antibiotics and pharmaceutically active compounds from water Environment: Experiments towards industrial scale up |
| Year |
2022 |
| Published |
|
| DOI |
10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121249 |
| Abstract |
With focus on industrial scale up, this study presents a critical review of the experimental investigations over the last two decades in eliminating antibiotic and other pharmaceutically active compounds from water environment. The work includes issues typically missing in the current literature. Analysis of the conventional and emerging methods done on systematic classification into some useful domains reveals that around 80% of the experimental studies are on adsorption and chemical oxidation while 10% are on biological methods, 5%, on membrane separation and 2% are on hybrid methods. In terms of the highest reported degree of removal, the methods can be arranged in the order of hybrid treatment (95-98%) > adsorption and chemical oxidation (90-95%) > biological treatment (80-85%). However, critical observation is that these reported data on the highest degrees of removal in most of the cases, are based on laboratory scale studies under very ideal conditions using synthetic solution containing either a single or at the most a few selected drugs. Many studies, particularly on adsorption appear to be repetitive in nature where possibilities of development of adsorption material from nature are almost unlimited. The conventional water treatment plants running on a single method not only fail in effectively treating such complex wastewater but also serve as breeding grounds of antibiotic resistant bacteria. Hybrid methods are emerging as promising in near complete elimination. Strikingly, pilot scale studies are extremely scanty and absence of techno-economic data is hindering transfer of promising technologies from laboratory to the field. A paradigm shift in research focus is absolutely essential towards fast change of the scenario on the ground. This study directs further research towards the promising hybrid strategies in pilot scale to raise scale up confidence with enhanced research funding. This in turn will produce the much-needed impetus to technology transfer. Even the existing wastewater treatment plants can be turned technologically and economically more attractive by augmenting facilities with circular economy approach. |
| Author Keywords |
Pharmaceutical wastewater; Drug resistance; Hybrid treatment; Techno-economic data; Industrial Scale Up |
| Index Keywords |
Index Keywords |
| Document Type |
Other |
| Open Access |
Open Access |
| Source |
Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED) |
| EID |
WOS:000810048000004 |
| WoS Category |
Engineering, Chemical |
| Research Area |
Engineering |
| PDF |
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