| Authors |
Saldanha, LF; Longo, VD; Romani, LC; Klein, GH; Camargo, AF; Fornari, AC; Bazoti, SF; Alves, SL Jr; Treichel, H |
| Abstract |
Fruit peels, in general, are especially rich in sugar and bioactive compounds, including pigments, polyphenols, enzymes, vitamins, antioxidants, and essential oils. Often, the full potential of these peels is not used, and they end up being discarded, generating a large volume of waste that could cause environmental problems. Thinking about taking advantage of all the potential that fruit peels can offer, this study aims to extract D-limonene and also hydrolyze the sugars present in the waste mix of fruit peels (orange, banana, mango, pineapple, and lemon) for the production of bioethanol. D-limonene extraction was done through Soxhlet, an added-value compound with diverse environmental and chemical applications. Using the biomass hydrolysis methodology from the fruit mix, it is possible to obtain fermentable sugars to obtain bioethanol. Enzymatic hydrolysis requires optimization to get a high yield of sugars; for this, we use a Central Composite Rotational Design 22 (CCRD), with variables being the mass of the fruit peel mix and the enzymatic concentration, followed by fermentation with the yeast Wickerhamomyces sp. UFFSCE-3.1.2 for the production of bioethanol. The results demonstrated that optimizing enzymatic hydrolysis makes obtaining a satisfactory amount of sugars and bioethanol possible. Through experimental planning, we received a maximum of 63.90 g/L of total reducing sugars in enzymatic hydrolysis, followed by 7.14 g/L of bioethanol in the fermentation stage. D-limonene recovery from the fruit mix yielded 6.41 mg/g of fruit waste, the expectation that global demand for essential oils will rise 7.5% by 2027, which adds even more value to this compound. Fruit mix residues with the potential for obtaining bioactive compounds.Integrated use of biomass to obtain bioproducts contributes to the circular economy.Optimized enzymatic hydrolysis condition allows for a 40% reduction in the use of enzyme.Conversion of 96.87% of glucose into bioethanol in just 12 h of fermentation.Proposition of a model for the recovery of essential oil, D-limonene, from waste, yielding 6.41 mg/g. |