| Title |
Product and cost perspectives of phosphorus recovery from human urine using solid waste ash and sea salt addition - A case of Thailand |
| ID_Doc |
15295 |
| Authors |
Pinatha, Y; Polprasert, C; Englande, AJ |
| Title |
Product and cost perspectives of phosphorus recovery from human urine using solid waste ash and sea salt addition - A case of Thailand |
| Year |
2020 |
| Published |
|
| DOI |
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136514 |
| Abstract |
Phosphorus (P) recovery from human urine was evaluated using the addition of MgCl2, sea salt and solid-waste (SW) incinerated ashes. The study objectives were to assess and compare their efficiency for P recovery, costs of chemicals added and relevant crystal characteristics. Results from the experiments conducted between pH range of 7-11 revealed that P precipitation efficiency was increased to 89-97% and 72-88% when MgCl2 and sea salt were added, respectively. Precipitates obtained from both cases were found to contain 10.8-17.1% P dry weight which is superior to commercial fertilizer (8.80% P). Based on SEM-EDS examination and chemical equilibrium thermodynamics, about 83% and 68% of precipitates were in the form of struvite for the addition of MgCl2 and sea salt, respectively. Although 18% less struvite was formed with sea salt added, cost was found to be reduced from 4.07 USD. (kg P)(-1) for MgCl2 addition to 2.91 USD. (kg P)(-1) using sea salt addition, representing a 28% cost reduction. Furthermore, SW ashes added into the urine increased P recovery efficiency about 6-17%. Addition also lowered the costs to 1.75 and 1.68 USD. (kg P)(-1) for SW fly ash and bottom ash, respectively. Thus, ash addition reduced cost and provided an alternative to landfill disposal. However, addition of SW bottom ash might result in recovered P solids with lead concentration exceeding the EC limit for inorganic fertilizer. In summary, results of this study have demonstrated a pragmatic way to recover P from human urine with the use of sea salt and ash as alternative Mg source and seed. Results indicate that this practice not only produces a good-quality fertilizer as struvite for sustainable P management, but also helps protect the water environment, and support circular economy of P in human ecosystem. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. |
| Author Keywords |
Human urine; Phosphorus recovery; Precipitation; Sea salt; Solid waste ashes; Struvite |
| Index Keywords |
Index Keywords |
| Document Type |
Other |
| Open Access |
Open Access |
| Source |
Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED) |
| EID |
WOS:000514544700114 |
| WoS Category |
Environmental Sciences |
| Research Area |
Environmental Sciences & Ecology |
| PDF |
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