| Title |
Cleaner production through enhanced resource recovery and reuse in dye intermediates industry: Integration of Vinyl Sulphone with H-acid production |
| ID_Doc |
26527 |
| Authors |
Prabhu, SD; Asolekar, SR |
| Title |
Cleaner production through enhanced resource recovery and reuse in dye intermediates industry: Integration of Vinyl Sulphone with H-acid production |
| Year |
2022 |
| Published |
|
| DOI |
10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.134079 |
| Abstract |
H-Acid (HA) and para-base ester Vinyl Sulphone (VS) are the significant raw materials for several industrially important dyes consumed worldwide. Owing to the toxicity and non-biodegradability of HA and VS as well as the associated by-products and hazardous wastes, most developed countries in the world have banned their pro-duction. Many states in the Union of India, too, have banned the production of HA. Due to the economic sig-nificance of the dye intermediates sector, especially in international trade, the regulatory agencies in India as well as the international importers of dye intermediates are demanding a transition to cleaner production through enhanced recycle and reuse of wastes and minimization of resource consumption. In this context, this study focuses on the ways for enhancing cleaner production as well as maximizing reuse and recycle in HA and VS production through: (i) enhancing resource recovery and internal reuse of recovered water, (ii) exploring possibilities of co-processing of wastes by linking unit operations and unit processes in HA and VS production, and (iii) balancing the scales of production of HA and VS to enhance the benefits of the so-called 'Zero Liquid Discharge' to potentially minimize operating costs, increase resource efficiency, and lower environmental footprint. In addition, this is the first study to address the resource intensity and pollution intensity in the production of VS. The two cleaner production opportunities identified and evaluated in this study are (1) Reuse of Spent Mixed Acid and (2) Recovery and reuse of Glauber's Salt. The optimum production quantities of HA and VS were determined to be 2256 MT HA and 5000 MT VS so that the complete reuse of Spent Mixed Acid (i.e. 0% emission) can be achieved. This balanced production of HA and VS will be able to achieve several production benefits such as: 37% reuse of Glauber's Salt (67% sold to other industries), reduced freshwater consumption (55% reduction in HA and 7.2% reduction in VS), and reduced acid consumption (45% reduction in HA and 26% reduction in VS). Further, the balanced production of HA and VS will be able to achieve environmental benefits such as a 26% reduction in wastewater generation and a 74% reduction in waste salt sent to engineered haz-ardous waste management facilities. |
| Author Keywords |
H -acid; Vinyl sulphone; Dye intermediates; Cleaner production; Circular economy; Resource recovery |
| Index Keywords |
Index Keywords |
| Document Type |
Other |
| Open Access |
Open Access |
| Source |
Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED) |
| EID |
WOS:000862787500003 |
| WoS Category |
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences |
| Research Area |
Science & Technology - Other Topics; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology |
| PDF |
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