| Title |
Synergetic Co-Production of Beer Colouring Agent and Solid Fuel from Brewers' Spent Grain in the Circular Economy Perspective |
| ID_Doc |
28758 |
| Authors |
Jackowski, M; Niedzwiecki, L; Moscicki, K; Arora, A; Saeed, MA; Krochmalny, K; Pawliczek, J; Trusek, A; Lech, M; Skrinsky, J; Cespiva, J; Veres, J; Ochodek, T; Pawlak-Kruczek, H |
| Title |
Synergetic Co-Production of Beer Colouring Agent and Solid Fuel from Brewers' Spent Grain in the Circular Economy Perspective |
| Year |
2021 |
| Published |
Sustainability, 13.0, 18 |
| DOI |
10.3390/su131810480 |
| Abstract |
Brewers' Spent Grain is a by-product of the brewing process, with potential applications for energy purposes. This paper presents the results of an investigation aiming at valorization of this residue by torrefaction, making product for two purposes: a solid fuel that could be used for generation of heat for the brewery and a colouring agent that could replace colouring malt for the production of dark beers. Decreased consumption of malt for such purposes would have a positive influence on the sustainability of brewing. Torrefaction was performed at temperatures ranging between 180 degrees C and 300 degrees C, with a residence time between 20 and 60 min. For the most severe torrefaction conditions (300 degrees C, 60 min), the higher heating value of torrefied BSG reached 25 MJ/kg. However, the best beer colouring properties were achieved for mild torrefaction conditions, i.e., 180 degrees C for 60 min and 210 degrees C for 40 min, reaching European Brewery Convention colours of 145 and 159, respectively. From the solid fuel properties perspective, the improvements offered by torrefaction in such mild conditions were modest. Overall, the obtained results suggest some trade-off between the optimum colouring properties and optimum solid fuel properties that need to be considered when such dual-purpose torrefaction of BSG for brewery purposes is implemented. |
| Author Keywords |
torrefaction; brewers' spent grain; sustainable brewing; circular economy; beer |
| Index Keywords |
Index Keywords |
| Document Type |
Other |
| Open Access |
Open Access |
| Source |
Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED); Social Science Citation Index (SSCI) |
| EID |
WOS:000702070700001 |
| WoS Category |
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies |
| Research Area |
Science & Technology - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology |
| PDF |
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