| Title |
Assessment of Energy Recovery from Municipal Waste Management Systems Using Circular Economy Quality Indicators |
| ID_Doc |
3651 |
| Authors |
Kowalski, Z; Kulczycka, J; Makara, A; Verhé, R; De Clercq, G |
| Title |
Assessment of Energy Recovery from Municipal Waste Management Systems Using Circular Economy Quality Indicators |
| Year |
2022 |
| Published |
Energies, 15, 22 |
| DOI |
10.3390/en15228625 |
| Abstract |
A complex method developed to assess quality within a proposed framework and at a certain scope of measurement for circular economy (CE) quality indicators is presented. This was used to compare three different scenarios for municipal waste management systems: 1-incineration; 2-recycling and reuse of separated municipal waste and the transformation of the organic fraction into biodiesel and bio-coal; and 3-an upgraded Scenario 2 including decreased recycling of waste streams and the bioprocessing of paper/cardboard and processing the non-recycled fraction into bio-diesel, bio-coal, and second-generation biofuel. For the evaluation of the CE quality indicator, a set of technical, environmental, economic, and social elements was selected by a panel of experts, who also assigned them a qualitative assessment and weighting on the basis of the factors identified. The calculated Relative Increase in the CE indicator for the scenarios analyzed showed that Scenarios 3 and 2 are much more beneficial than Scenario 1 in technical, environmental, economic and social terms. |
| Author Keywords |
municipal solid waste; incineration; hydrothermal processing; bio fermentation; biofuel; circular economy indicator; qualitative assessment |
| Index Keywords |
Index Keywords |
| Document Type |
Other |
| Open Access |
Open Access |
| Source |
Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED) |
| EID |
WOS:000887238700001 |
| WoS Category |
Energy & Fuels |
| Research Area |
Energy & Fuels |
| PDF |
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/22/8625/pdf?version=1668690717
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