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Title Development of Construction Material Using Wastewater: An Application of Circular Economy for Mass Production of Bricks
ID_Doc 5350
Authors Ghafoor, S; Hameed, A; Shah, SAR; Azab, M; Faheem, H; Nawaz, MF; Iqbal, F
Title Development of Construction Material Using Wastewater: An Application of Circular Economy for Mass Production of Bricks
Year 2022
Published Materials, 15, 6
DOI 10.3390/ma15062256
Abstract Water is one of the necessary ingredients for construction materials. Billions of gallons of clean water are wasted during the development of fired clay bricks. Similarly, the waste of clean water is a global issue. In this study, we develop fired clay bricks with the help of wastewater for the first time and compare these with clay bricks produced using groundwater, which is the conventional method. Both destructive (i.e., compressive strength (CS)) and non-destructive (i.e., ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV)) tests are conducted on all fired clay brick specimens as per the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). Physical (i.e., dimensions) and durability (water absorption, efflorescence, etc.) tests are also conducted. All kinds of brick satisfied the standard requirements of physical and durability characteristics. Similar or better strength of bricks were achieved using wastewater. The study concludes that the testing results of wastewater bricks were significantly 15-25% higher compared with groundwater-fired clay bricks. A large amount of wastewater can be used to develop bricks, and clean water can be saved to attain circular economy goals. Therefore, this study will help not only in developing low-cost bricks but also in saving clean water.
Author Keywords wastewater; construction; brick; eco-friendly; resource management
Index Keywords Index Keywords
Document Type Other
Open Access Open Access
Source Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)
EID WOS:000774979700001
WoS Category Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter
Research Area Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics
PDF https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/6/2256/pdf?version=1647595729
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