| Title |
Nutrient recovery from wastewater in India: A perspective from mass and energy balance for a sustainable circular economy |
| ID_Doc |
5480 |
| Authors |
Gowd, SC; Kumar, D; Lin, RC; Rajendran, K |
| Title |
Nutrient recovery from wastewater in India: A perspective from mass and energy balance for a sustainable circular economy |
| Year |
2022 |
| Published |
|
| DOI |
10.1016/j.biteb.2022.101079 |
| Abstract |
Limited phosphorus availability and increased eutrophication (due to discharge of nitrogen) have pushed everyone to rethink, on how to recover these nutrients. Wastewater (WW) is a potential source to recover N, and P, whereas, in India, it is scarcely explored. In this work, four different nutrient recovery methods were compared from a mass- and energy-balance perspective to understand the overall process flow. From 1000-m3 WW, chemical precipitation yielded 33.8 kg struvite, while micro-algae resulted in 299.1 kg (dry powder). Energy consumption was lowest for the fuel cells at 216.2 kWh/1000 m3, while microalgae used the highest energy at 943.3 kWh/1000 m3. Nonetheless, the cost-saving analysis showed that microalgae (78.6$/1000 m3) as a nutrient recovery choice, had higher savings than any other methods compared. For a country like India, where the two-thirds of urban wastewater is untreated, wastewater-biorefinery options such as nutrient recovery hold the key to a sustainable circular economy. |
| Author Keywords |
Nutrient recovery; Wastewater in India; Mass balance; Energy balance; Economic analysis |
| Index Keywords |
Index Keywords |
| Document Type |
Other |
| Open Access |
Open Access |
| Source |
Emerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI) |
| EID |
WOS:001207673700016 |
| WoS Category |
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences |
| Research Area |
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology |
| PDF |
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