| Title |
Perspectives on green hydrogen in Europe-during an energy crisis and towards future climate neutrality |
| ID_Doc |
63844 |
| Authors |
Münster, M; Bramstoft, R; Kountouris, I; Langer, L; Keles, D; Schlautmann, R; Mörs, F; Saccani, C; Guzzini, A; Pellegrini, M; Zauner, A; Böhm, H; Markova, D; You, S; Pumpa, M; Fischer, F; Sergi, F; Brunaccini, G; Aloisio, D; Ferraro, M; Mulder, M; Rasmusson, H |
| Title |
Perspectives on green hydrogen in Europe-during an energy crisis and towards future climate neutrality |
| Year |
2024 |
| Published |
|
| DOI |
10.1093/ooenergy/oiae001 |
| Abstract |
Hydrogen and regional energy infrastructure are significant for the European Green Deal and was the focus of the SuperP2G research Project (Synergies Utilising renewable Power Regionally by means of Power to Gas). Five national projects (Denmark, Netherlands, Germany, Austria, and Italy) cooperated to investigate power-to-gas feasibility. The energy crisis due to the war in Ukraine peaked during the project. The demand for green hydrogen increased as natural gas was reduced. In 2022, the cost of blue hydrogen was 9.5-12.6 /kg. Higher electricity prices impacted the cost of green hydrogen less. Considering the 2021-22 level of electricity and gas prices, and the potential flexibility of electrolysers, electrolytic hydrogen was on a par with blue hydrogen. On the long term, green hydrogen is assumed to be competitive around 2030. A fast ramping up and favourable electricity cost development could halve the hydrogen production cost until 2040 with investment being the major contributor to a cost reduction. Meanwhile, the smart operation of a wind/electrolyser system might achieve 24% reduction of its operation cost. The following measures are recommended to introduce green hydrogen on a large scale: 1) certification of green and low carbon hydrogen and a uniform CO2 price; 2) ensuring a level playing field across markets; 3) enabling policies to enhance European security of supply by increasing domestic production and diversifying imports; 4) fast ramping of renewable electricity generation; and 5) coordinated planning of hydrogen, methane, and electricity infrastructures. Graphical Abstract Power to gas is important to enable high renewable energy shares in the European Green Deal. This article provides perspectives from different analyses of feasibility of power to gas in Europe. Promising results were found about reduction of hydrogen costs through development of flexible and efficient operation, reduced investment costs driven by scaling and learning curves, optimized placement, and improved infrastructure with dedicated hydrogen grids. Furthermore, increasing prices for natural gas due to the Russian invasion to Ukraine led to favourable conditions for renewable hydrogen compared to blue hydrogen based on natural gas with carbon capture and storage (CCS). |
| Author Keywords |
renewable hydrogen; energy system analysis; hydrogen demand; energy crisis; electrolyser plant design; electrolyser operation optimization; power-to-gas plant location |
| Index Keywords |
Index Keywords |
| Document Type |
Other |
| Open Access |
Open Access |
| Source |
Emerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI) |
| EID |
WOS:001223252500003 |
| WoS Category |
Energy & Fuels; Environmental Studies |
| Research Area |
Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences & Ecology |
| PDF |
https://academic.oup.com/ooenergy/advance-article-pdf/doi/10.1093/ooenergy/oiae001/56530697/oiae001.pdf
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