| Title |
The occurrence of chemicals of emerging concern in samples of surface water and wastewater collected in Krakow, Poland |
| ID_Doc |
64866 |
| Authors |
Styszko, K; Durak, J; Malicka, A; Bochnia, T; Zaba, T |
| Title |
The occurrence of chemicals of emerging concern in samples of surface water and wastewater collected in Krakow, Poland |
| Year |
2021 |
| Published |
|
| DOI |
10.5004/dwt.2021.27502 |
| Abstract |
The presence and fate of chemicals of emerging concern (CECs) in the natural freshwater resources are of great interest. It is therefore essential to evaluate the efficiency of the removal of CECs in commonly used treatments and long-term adverse health effects on humans and wildlife. The occurrence and removal of fifteen representatives CECs and selected metabolites (salicylic acid, carboxyibuprofen and 4'-hydroxydiclofenac), in two urban wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), were investigated. The presence of target compounds in the surface water - sources of drinking water for Krakow - was also the subject of this study. Results obtained in this study showed that in the wastewater influents, all target compounds except (estrone, 17 beta-estradiol and estriol), were routinely detected with a concentration of up to 12.7 mu g L-1. The highest concentrations were observed for salicylic acid, caffeine, ibuprofen and its metabolite, carboxyibuprofen. The average efficiency of removal in terms of the total reduction of the concentration of CECs between the influent and effluent ranged from 15% (diclofenac) to 100% (acetaminophen and estrogens) at both WWTPs. Ten compounds were detected at levels above the method quantification limits in surface water. Salicylic acid and caffeine were detected in all the tested samples of surface water. The highest concentrations were observed for caffeine. In the current study from medium to high environmental risk levels for carbamazepine, triclosan and diclofenac were noted. |
| Author Keywords |
Pharmaceuticals; Endocrine-disrupting chemicals; Municipal wastewater; Metabolites; Surface water; Gas chromatograph coupled with Ion Trap Mass Spectrometer (GC-(IT)MS; MS) |
| Index Keywords |
Index Keywords |
| Document Type |
Other |
| Open Access |
Open Access |
| Source |
Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED); Conference Proceedings Citation Index - Science (CPCI-S) |
| EID |
WOS:000691618400022 |
| WoS Category |
Engineering, Chemical; Water Resources |
| Research Area |
Engineering; Water Resources |
| PDF |
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