| Title |
Environmental External Production Costs of Extracts Derived from Poplar-Containing Bioactive Substances |
| ID_Doc |
73972 |
| Authors |
Olba-Ziety, E; Krzyzaniak, M; Stolarski, MJ |
| Title |
Environmental External Production Costs of Extracts Derived from Poplar-Containing Bioactive Substances |
| Year |
2023 |
| Published |
Energies, 16, 22 |
| DOI |
10.3390/en16227544 |
| Abstract |
The bioeconomy needs new, economically feasible products obtained from biological raw materials via sustainable processes having the smallest possible impact on the environment. The objectives of our study have been: (i) to make an evaluation of the external costs of the production of a poplar extract containing bioactive substances by supercritical extraction; (ii) to make a comparison of the internal and external costs of extract production; (iii) to determine the total life cycle costs (LCCs) of the extract and the break-even prices (BEPs) in two business models. In the first business model (BM I), the only commercial product was the extract, while pellets were used for their own energy purposes. In the second business model (BM II), both the extract and pellets were marketable products. Out of the two analyzed business models, lower external costs and, consequently, lower total costs were achieved in BM I (LCC euro259 kg-1) than in BM II (LCC euro267 kg-1). However, the profitability analysis showed that BM II was more profitable (BEP euro313 kg-1) than BM I (BEP euro359 kg-1). The inclusion of the external costs of poplar extract production by supercritical extraction has a significant impact on increasing the production profitability threshold. An analysis of a situation where electricity was replaced with the EU mix (the European Union mix) generated with a higher share of RES (renewable energy sources) showed that the externalities were lowered. A substantial decrease in the external costs at the supercritical extraction stage was reflected in the lower values of the total cost of extract production, LCC, and BEP, hence, attesting to less damage to the natural environment. |
| Author Keywords |
poplar extract; supercritical extraction; monetization; monetary value; environmental life cycle cost; economic assessment |
| Index Keywords |
Index Keywords |
| Document Type |
Other |
| Open Access |
Open Access |
| Source |
Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED) |
| EID |
WOS:001107842600001 |
| WoS Category |
Energy & Fuels |
| Research Area |
Energy & Fuels |
| PDF |
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