| Abstract |
In our cities, the production and consumption of resources are achieved at an unsustainable rate. Combined with an increasing global population and accelerating urbanization, the absence of a new approach will almost certainly have dramatic environmental consequences. Potential solutions are emerging: the concepts of circular economy (CE) and urban metabolism (UM), which contrast the current and traditional linear extract-produce-use-dispose model of the modern economic and urban systems, offer a new approach. In this Primer, we present the principles of CE and UM as well as their origins and definitions, strengths and weaknesses, similarities, and limits. We introduce how these concepts can be used for designing a new urban framework called circular urban metabolism (CUM), which encourages urban planners and decision makers to study, design, and manage sustainable cities. CUM has the potential to unite research fields to promote collaboration across disciplines that operate on the planning, design, and management of cities and their complexities. |