| Title | Potential environmental benefits assessment of recycling based on multi-LCA and SFA |
|---|---|
| ID_Doc | 15154 |
| Authors | Luo, XL; Ding, N; Yang, JX; Lu, B; Ma, J |
| Title | Potential environmental benefits assessment of recycling based on multi-LCA and SFA |
| Year | 2024 |
| Published | |
| Abstract | Recycling of waste products is an important part of urban circular economy, improving resource efficiency and reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and other environmental loadings. In order to fully reflect the reality of product recycling, especially from the aspects of allocation issues and baseline scenario definition, this study proposes a new method based on multi-LCA and country-specific SFA. From a multi-life-cycle perspective, the proposed method considers allocation factors between primary and secondary materials or materials with more cycles. Country-specific SFA studies provide the best available information on retention times and cycle times of materials in the socio-economic systems, which can be the key parameters for recycling and baseline scenarios settings. Employing the proposed method, the typical recycling system for waste power batteries, including both waste LFP batteries and NCM batteries, and two types of recovery technology routes were modelled. China-specific SFA studies on four major battery metals (cobalt, nickel, lithium, and aluminum) are reviewed and key parameters for allocation and baseline are analyzed. The key parameters for proposed methods are obtained, including metals cycle times and recovery rates. The case study results indicate that, depending on SFA oriented parameters for possible cycling times and default substitution rates settings, the environmental benefits or impacts are typically less than typical 100% substitution rate of primary materials. In addition, the gap between the two recovery technologies based on SFA-oriented substitution ratios is smaller for NCM battery recycling in most environmental impact categories. For waste LFP batteries, however, the result is the opposite, which means that the SFAoriented parameter has a larger gap between the two recovery technologies than the parameter for 100% replacement of primary material. The relativity of the assessment method, especially the baseline parameter settings, are emphasized in this method and case study, as it should not be negligible in practice for recycling, although larger environmental benefits of recycling can be obtained with 100% primary materials substitution settings. The proposed method can help promote more systematic estimation of environmental benefits from products and materials recycling. |
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