| Title | Renewable energy in cement manufacturing: A quantitative assessment of energy and environmental efficiency of food residue biofuels |
|---|---|
| ID_Doc | 19096 |
| Authors | Tsiligiannis, A; Tsiliyannis, C |
| Title | Renewable energy in cement manufacturing: A quantitative assessment of energy and environmental efficiency of food residue biofuels |
| Year | 2019 |
| Published | |
| Abstract | The present work investigates solid biofuel, derived from household food waste (food residue biofuel, FRB) as a potential bioenergy source in cement manufacturing. Up-to-date investigations of household food waste as a solid fuel focused on composition and heating value, yet no results are available regarding impact on plant efficiency and emissions upon utilization. A multidimensional model based on fundamental principles (mass and enthalpy balances) is used together with actual data from fossil fuel operation to identify and quantitatively asses the impacts on plant performance, product quality and atmospheric emissions. The energy needed to prepare low moisture FRBs is determined and suitable processes are singled out. Key issues of cement plant operation are identified and quantitatively assessed via simulation in an actual dry-process plant, when FRBs substitute 20% of thermal energy (provided by petcoke). The facility utilizes 1.65 x 10(5) tpa of fossil fuels to produce 1.5 x 10(6) tpa clinker. It is found that energy efficiency falls and clinker production diminishes by about 0.5 t clinker/t FRB. Refractory thermal rating and main blower capacity constraints remain satisfied. Non-biogenic green-house-gas emissions are reduced by similar to 60 kg/t clinker. Emitted concentrations slightly increase for several pollutants, mainly nitrogen oxides (NOx) hydrogen chloride (HCl) and metals; they decrease for sulphur dioxide (SO2) and particulates. Maximum emission limits are observed for all regulated pollutants but NOx. Incombustible chlorine and inclusions of alkalis in cement increase by similar to 9%. To reap the bioenergy benefits and mitigate impacts, blends of FRB (similar to 80%wt) with paper residues (similar to 20%wt) are investigated. Conforming to plant operational constraints and product specifications, the blends ensure production level, environmental compliance and reduced emission rates. The results direct towards customer-tailored FRB blends with lignocellulosic residues, that best suit the design, specific quarry raw materials, operating conditions and individual parameters of the cement plant towards more sustainable cement manufacturing. |
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