| Title | Analysis of Lanthanum and Cobalt Leaching Aimed at Effective Recycling Strategies of Solid Oxide Cells |
|---|---|
| ID_Doc | 24689 |
| Authors | Mas, AB; Fiore, S; Fiorilli, S; Smeacetto, F; Santarelli, M; Schiavi, I |
| Title | Analysis of Lanthanum and Cobalt Leaching Aimed at Effective Recycling Strategies of Solid Oxide Cells |
| Year | 2022 |
| Published | Sustainability, 14, 6 |
| Abstract | Lanthanum and cobalt are Critical Raw Materials and components of Solid Oxide Cells-SOCs electrodes. This review analyses lanthanum and cobalt leaching from waste materials (e-waste, batteries, spent catalysts), aiming to provide a starting point for SOC recycling, not yet investigated. The literature was surveyed with a specific interest for leaching, the first phase of hydrometallurgy recycling. Most references (86%) were published after 2012, with an interest higher (85%) for cobalt. Inorganic acids were the prevailing (>80%) leaching agents, particularly for lanthanum, while leaching processes using organic acids mostly involved cobalt. The experimental conditions adopted more diluted organic acids (median 0.55 M for lanthanum and 1.4 M for cobalt) compared to inorganic acids (median value 2 M for both metals). Organic acids required a higher solid to liquid ratio (200 g/L), compared to inorganic ones (100 g/L) to solubilize lanthanum, while the opposite happened for cobalt (20 vs. 50 g/L). The process temperature didn't change considerably with the solvent (45-75 degrees C for lanthanum, and 75-88 degrees C for cobalt). The contact time was higher for lanthanum than for cobalt (median 3-4 h vs. 75-85 min). Specific recycling processes are crucial to support SOCs value chain in Europe, and this review can help define the existing challenges and future perspectives. |
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