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Title	Electrochemical leaching of critical materials from lithium-ion batteries: A comparative life cycle assessment
ID_Doc	26471
Authors	Adhikari, B; Chowdhury, NA; Diaz, LA; Jin, HY; Saha, AK; Shi, M; Klaehn, JR; Lister, TE
Title	Electrochemical leaching of critical materials from lithium-ion batteries: A comparative life cycle assessment
Year	2023
Published
Abstract	The manufacturing of lithium-ion batteries (LIB) requires critical materials such as cobalt (Co) and lithium (Li) that are essential for clean-energy products including electric vehicles. Because of their rapidly increasing de-mand and limited supply, the recycle and reuse of these materials from end-of-life LIB have garnered a lot of interest. Electrochemical leaching has emerged as a sustainable method to extract critical materials out of LIB, so life cycle assessment was conducted to compare the environmental impacts with traditional peroxide-based leaching and another emerging technology - SO2-based leaching. The results showed that electrochemical leaching reduces the global warming potential (GWP) by 80%-87% compared to peroxide-based leaching due to a lower acid consumption, avoidance of hydrogen peroxide, and regeneration of reducing agent iron (II) sulfate and compares well with SO2-based leaching in most impact categories. The analysis suggested renewable energy can further reduce the environment footprint of electrochemical leaching.
PDF	http://manuscript.elsevier.com/S092134492300109X/pdf/S092134492300109X.pdf

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