| Title |
Production of Nano Hydroxyapatite and Mg-Whitlockite from Biowaste-Derived products via Continuous Flow Hydrothermal Synthesis: A Step towards Circular Economy |
| ID_Doc |
22502 |
| Authors |
Nigar, F; Johnston, AL; Smith, J; Oakley, W; Islam, MT; Felfel, R; Grant, D; Lester, E; Ahmed, I |
| Title |
Production of Nano Hydroxyapatite and Mg-Whitlockite from Biowaste-Derived products via Continuous Flow Hydrothermal Synthesis: A Step towards Circular Economy |
| Year |
2023 |
| Published |
Materials, 16.0, 6 |
| DOI |
10.3390/ma16062138 |
| Abstract |
Biowastes from agriculture, sewage, household wastes, and industries comprise promising resources to produce biomaterials while reducing adverse environmental effects. This study focused on utilising waste-derived materials (i.e., eggshells as a calcium source, struvite as a phosphate source, and CH3COOH as dissolution media) to produce value-added products (i.e., calcium phosphates (CaPs) derived from biomaterials) using a continuous flow hydrothermal synthesis route. The prepared materials were characterised via XRD, FEG-SEM, EDX, FTIR, and TEM analysis. Magnesium whitlockite (Mg-WH) and hydroxyapatite (HA) were produced by single-phase or biphasic CaPs by reacting struvite with either calcium nitrate tetrahydrate or an eggshell solution at 200 degrees C and 350 degrees C. Rhombohedral-shaped Mg-WH (23-720 nm) along with tube (50-290 nm diameter, 20-71 nm thickness) and/or ellipsoidal morphologies of HA (273-522 nm width) were observed at 350 degrees C using HNO3 or CH3COOH to prepare the eggshell and struvite solutions, and NH4OH was used as the pH buffer. The Ca/P (atomic%) ratios obtained ranged between 1.3 and 1.7, indicating the formation of Mg-WH and HA. This study showed that eggshells and struvite usage, along with CH3COOH, are promising resources as potential sustainable precursors and dissolution media, respectively, to produce CaPs with varying morphologies. |
| Author Keywords |
biowastes; biowaste utilisation; continuous flow hydrothermal synthesis; sustainability; calcium phosphates; hydroxyapatite; Mg-whitlockite; eggshells; struvite |
| Index Keywords |
Index Keywords |
| Document Type |
Other |
| Open Access |
Open Access |
| Source |
Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED) |
| EID |
WOS:000959927100001 |
| WoS Category |
Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter |
| Research Area |
Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics |
| PDF |
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/6/2138/pdf?version=1678416700
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