| Title |
A nature-based closed-loop wastewater treatment system at vehicle-washing facilities: From linear to circular economy |
| ID_Doc |
5303 |
| Authors |
Afzal, M; Arslan, M; Younus, S; Müller, JA; Usman, M; Yasin, M; Mehmood, MA; Mehdi, T; Islam, E; Tauseef, M; Iqbal, S |
| Title |
A nature-based closed-loop wastewater treatment system at vehicle-washing facilities: From linear to circular economy |
| Year |
2024 |
| Published |
Iscience, 27, 4 |
| DOI |
10.1016/j.isci.2024.109361 |
| Abstract |
Pakistan, among the top five most water -stressed nations globally, grapples with water scarcity owing to inadequate treatment infrastructure and groundwater overextraction. We demonstrate a successful nature -based closed -loop system to treat wastewater from urban vehicle -washing facilities, previously reliant on groundwater. An eco-friendly integrated system containing floating treatment wetlands (FTWs), subsurface flow constructed wetlands (SSF-CWs), and sand filtration (SF) was designed and installed at three vehicle -washing facilities for wastewater treatment and reuse in a loop. While the system is still operational after years, a consistent and significant reduction in water quality indicators is recorded, successfully meeting the national environmental quality standards of Pakistan. By reducing per unit water treatment costs to as low as $0.0163/m3 and achieving payback periods under a year, the embrace of these closed -loop strategies vividly underscores the imperative of transitioning to a circular economy in the domains of wastewater treatment and resource conservation. |
| Author Keywords |
|
| Index Keywords |
Index Keywords |
| Document Type |
Other |
| Open Access |
Open Access |
| Source |
Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED) |
| EID |
WOS:001208165100001 |
| WoS Category |
Multidisciplinary Sciences |
| Research Area |
Science & Technology - Other Topics |
| PDF |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2024.109361
|